It was a dreadful experience Booker T. Washington never forgot. Shows the "living wage" per week for different metropolitan areas of Australia. Source: BLS. Source: National Education Association of the United States. Montgomery Ward catalog shows prices of radios and radio supplies on 60+ pages. Source: Very simple table shows average hours and earnings for all production workers in manufacturing for each year from 1919-1960. This source lists actual salaries paid to administrators in various lines of business. Shows monthly wages based on the ocean routes traveled: San Francisco to points west, and New York City to points south and east. See data considerations for explanation. 525. 365-372. Source: Lists results of 22 studies that show the % of family budget spent in various categories (rent, food, health, etc.). It provided a $1.20-a- day wage increase effective Jan, and an increase of 80 cents a day beginning April 1, 1959. Source: U.S. Federal Trade Commission report. Coal operators enticed workersmany African Americanto move to West Virginia from Virginia and the Deep South. A room in the Pocahontas seam could be more than 10 feet high, while workplaces in the Kanawha and New River seams often were no taller than four feet. As a novice, Keeney learned the colliers trade from older craftsmenthe skills of cutting the face, setting the charges, and loading the coal without wrenching his back or crippling himself. These were the underground attitudes Frank Keeney absorbed as he entered manhood as a coal miner. Shows the average weekly wages of various occupations in 8 different industries in Budapest. Three decades earlier a boy about the same agea newly emancipated slavehad worked in the same minefield. $30.30. In 1974, the Environmental Protection Agency commissioned photojournalist Jack Corn to document the plight of the American coal miner in Appalachia. Coal operators often provided services like company stores. Shows firemen salaries for 25 American cities including New York City, Chicago, New Orleans, Indianapolis, Buffalo, Boston, Detroit, Cleveland, St. Louis, Kansas City and more. Separate listings forinspectors, police superintendents, captains, sergeants, privates, etc. Source: page 13 in. Following legal tradition, companies usually placed blame and responsibility for injuries on the workers. Shows prices by month and year. In 1928, halfof all families had a combined family income of $2000 or less. About half of the surveyed penal institutions gave prisoners some compensation, based on its use as incentive toward good work and better behavior, and to provide the convict with a small way to provide for his family. Shows average public employee pay for each state. Click for more info about the kind of home a family earning less than $2,500 annually could buy in 1928. This bibliography lists reports that show income, budgets, consumer expenditures, etc. Shows the average monthly wages of multiple occupation in the Alaskan fishing industry. Source: Howard University, States "the average student probably spends about $700 per year for a college education" and shows, This source shows the cost of funerals and burial in 18 states and in 10 major cities. Ukrainian immigrant Nick Gurski began working in the Boone County coal mines in the 1920s. 8836. Study showed how much a family of five would need to live in Washington DC in 1920. 59-71. by STATE Lists wages paid to auto mechanics, office workers, window cleaners, barbers and hairdressers, bartenders in saloons, domestic servants, people working in social agencies, and more. Lists ticket prices in NYC, Boston, Philadelphia, Cleveland and eight more cities in NY, PA, OH and MA. See quartile, "Women in Alabama industries: a study of hours, wages and working conditions," Women's Bureau Bulletin #34 (. Every three or four hundred feet, passageways were cut, creating narrower, corridor-like rooms that led to a coal face where each miner and his buddy worked in their own room. The colliers left large pillars of coal standing as they cut the face forward and sideways through breakthroughs that led to parallel rooms. After they loaded coal from the fallen pillars, the colliers and their helpers pushed their cars out into the main entry as fast as possible before sections of the roof collapsed. for rural households in the U.S. and selected foreign countries. Boys frequently were assigned the most-dangerous jobs. Few words meant more to mine workers than manliness, a quality that connoted dignity, respectability, defiant egalitarianism, and patriarchal male supremacy, in the words of historian David Montgomery. Wages are in contemporary US dollars. At the far end of the room, the miner lay down on his side and cut under the bottom of the coal face with his pick, inching his way into the cut and hoping the coal was hard enough not to collapse on him. Source: BLS, Shows the cost of various foodstuffs in the Riga markets. Wages are shown in German marks. It was usually undertaken by women, and sometimes children. See "Blood donation" in. Indicates prices per kilowatt-hour by areas and cities. 1920, Home plans and costs to build in California, 1920, Retail prices of building materials by city, 1922, Building material prices paid by farmers, 1923-1924, Cost to construct houses, by type of material - 1921, Building material prices paid by farmers, 1910-1960, Farm real estate - Average value by state and county, 1920, Price of farm land by county in selected states, 1912-1924, New England farms and land - Average value by county, 1920-1930, Farm real estate values in Midwestern states, 1912-2019, Land in Missouri - Cost to rent or buy by county, 1922, Rents in working class neighborhoods in Cincinnati, 1920, Household heating fuel costs and expenditures by city, 1927, Electricity - Average monthly bill, 1924-1950, Household electricity costs and expenditures by city, 1927, Changes in retail prices of electricity, 1923-38, Car prices with illustrations, 1900-1920s, Gasoline prices andtaxes, and annual consumption per vehicle, 1920-1939, Horse-drawn carriages, buggies and accessories, 1920, Horse and mule prices by state, 1919-1920, City transit fares in NY, PA, OH and MA - 1927, Streetcar, omnibus and subway rates, 1926, Passenger train fare in the U.S., 1871-1933, RR ticket prices between NYC and Chicago, 1910-1944, accessories (diapers, baby bottles, etc. Sporting goods: As the men removed one pillar after another, the wooden posts used to support the mine top would be strained as the roof started getting heavy. The wood would then creak and groan and then splinter as the miners heard the roof working above their heads and planned their retreat accordingly. Shows the average daily wages paid to masons, electricians, bricklayers, bakers, blacksmiths and more. This booklet shows prices for hotels and amenities such astelephone, restaurant meals,haircuts, bath house, etc. In 1900 almost 2 percent of Americans were coal miners. Firedamp, described as the monster most dreaded by the practical miner, could explode if ignited by sparks or powder blasts, which would send fires raging through mine shafts with hurricane force. After workers had advanced the mine face to the end of the seam, veterans began the dangerous work of removing the massive coal pillars that stood between the rooms and helped support the mine top. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review, July 1930. Taken from Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. A man sometimes had to get down on his hands and knees, with his left shoulder, well padded, against the car, bracing himself with his toes against the ties and the dirt of the floor, wrote a former miner, while his partner controlled the brakes to keep the car from rolling back on the pusher if he slipped or grew tired. Back injuries, broken legs, and severed feet and fingers were common. Mr. by RACE In 1907, West Virginia appointed John Nugent as superintendent of immigration. Shows the weekly earnings for 9 occupations in Amsterdam, Haarlem, the Hague, and Rotterdam. In some cases, when word came around that a miner had been scolded or punished by a boss, workers would gather on a pile of slate to talk about the incident, and the bolder ones with a manly bearing toward the boss would speak up for their fellow worker. Coal industry labor strikes were common from the turn of the century up through the 1930s, as were catastrophic workplace injuries and the prevalence of black lung disease. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review, Dec 1920 Published by the National Industrial Conference Board. In the late 1800s mining was rough physical labor. Wages are shown in Austrian kronen. Source: Appendix in. See also "C" tab above for carpenters, cement workers, etc. Shows expenditures among rural Virginia families for food, housing, clothing, automobiles, health insurance, recreation, personal items and more. Women's and children's clothing - Newcomb, Endicott, and Co. Retail prices for imported merchandise, 1922, Rates charges for hospital services, 1928, Health care costs and expenditures, 1923-1925, Average charges by type of medical complaint, 1929-1930, Public colleges - Tuition by institution, 1921-1922, Private colleges - Tuition by institution, 1921-1922, Howard University School of Medicine - Tuition & expenses, 1920-21, The Undertaker's Trade - Services and Prices, Average funeral cost by state and city, 1927, Cost to mail a letter or postcard, 1863-present, Vacation to Yellowstone National Park - Prices in 1920, Consumption expenditures per capita, 1901-1956, Cost of living increase in U.S. large cities, 1913-1941, Income needed for "minimum subsistence" in cities, 1929, Minimum income needed to live in Washington DC, 1920, Cost of living among wage earners, Detroit, 1921, Lynchburg, VA - Cost of living and expenditures, 1928-1929, Ability to pay and standard of living among farmers, 1926, Farm family expenditures in selected states, 1922-1924, Average annual costs of keeping work horses, 1921, Virginia - Cost of living and expenditures, 1928-1929, Calculator: Present-day purchasing power of a historic dollar amount, Consumer Price Index Inflation Calculator, Canada - Food and rents by province and city, 1923, Canada - Prices of staple foods, fuel and rent in 1913, 1920-1927, Retail Prices in Czechoslovakia, 1914-1921, Clothing prices - Great Britain, 1914-1921, New Zealand - Food and cigarette retail prices by city, 1921. equal opportunity/access/affirmative action/pro-disabled and veteran employer. Since money wage rates of foreign countries have little meaning for economists in America, only the real wage rates are given.", Shows the average hourly and weekly wages of various occupations for both skilled and unskilled laborers. A standard tune in miners lore began with lyric, Youve been docked and docked again, boys / Youve been loading two for one, and asked what the miner had to show for working so hard. Source: "Income of Lawyers, 1929-1948" in the August 1949 issue of. Source: One-page table shows 80 years of average retail prices for bread, milk, eggs and other common food items. 358, Average hours and earnings by occupation and district. Includes the states of RI, NJ, OH, DE, OK, MO, GA, TN, AR, KY, SC, AL and MS. 8836. Inside workers are further classified as (1) miners and laborers who cut and load coal onto conveyors or into mine cars, and (2) all other employees whose occupations relate to transportation, timbering, pumping, ventilation, and other general underground work. Retail prices for brick, cement, lumber of various kinds, window glass, shingles, nails and more. Between 12th and 14th Streets Source: U.S. Dept of Labor, Compares affordability of food and consumer goods from one year to the next and provides price. Source: BLS, Shows the retail prices of food and commodities in various cities throughout south Manchuria. TRANSPORTATION Besides know-how, the miners depended upon instinct and luck. Source: BLS. Source: BLS. Source: The cost of living among wage-earners, Cincinnati OH, pp. April 26, 1942. See list of the most common occupations for women in 1910 and 1920 (source: Census Bureau). Discussion puts wage data in context with price levels which were definitely affected by the wars. HEALTH CARE Retreat mining required the rapid destruction of these pillars, each containing tons of valuable coal, before the mine collapsed. Source: U.S. BLS Bulletin #682, chapter 9: "Monthly earnings of professional engineers," pp. A strong, skilled coal loader might fill five or more cars in a day. Source: Bulletin #269 of the North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station, "Farm Family Living Among White Owner and Tenant Operators in Wake County," pages 24-28. Occupations included are limited before 1916. Source: U.S. Congressional Serial Set vol. College professor salaries, 1928 (Source: AAUP report). Source: BLS, Shows clothes prices paid by working class families in Great Britain. You are viewing the article: how much did coal miners get paid in the 1950s at Cheraghdaily.org. Source: BLS. More passenger air fares from other sources: Household items: Includes breakouts for those who lived with the family and those who did not. "The fees and cost of books, instruments, board, room, laundry and incidentals will hardly be less than $400 per session of thirty-two weeks." Boys learned the mining craft from their fathers and later passed this knowledge on to their own sons. Full chapter extends from pp. The mine foreman was legally responsible for safety. Prices are shown in Hungarian crowns. Frank Keeney wanted to be a first-class tonnage man because he needed to support his widowed mother and two sisters, along with his new wife, a fair teenager named Bessie Meadows, an Eskdale girl who wanted to become a schoolteacher. Sometimes they hired guards or brought in government troops to maintain order and control strikers. Shows price list of one California retailer. This was the room and pillar method of mining common in the Appalachian bituminous coalfields. 407. Covers occupations in the building trades, metal trades, printing trades, coal mining and more. Includes clam, lobster, oyster industries and more. After undercutting the face, the collier turned the crank on a five-and-a-half-foot-long breast auger and pushed with all his weight to bore a hole high on the face. During the 1910s and 1920s, minimum wage laws were adopted by a handful of states and generally applied only to women and children. 285, Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. Coal companies also recruited in Europe. Pianos, violins, guitars & banjos, accordions, other musical instruments. This table covers pages 357-360 in this source. 523. And your eye upon the scale! Source: Historical chart shows salaries of members of the U.S. Congress, along with dates of enactment and statutory authority for each pay increase. The study pays particular attention to women who made less than the average wage. Shows average value for farm land and buildings from 1850-1982. Source: BLS, Shows the daily wages of masons, carpenters, stonecutters, painters, shoemakers, and tailors in each of the provincial capitals of Spain. He also absorbed the habits and traditions that gave pick and shovel miners a remarkable degree of freedom. Prices are shown in Latvian rubles. Use "search in this text" feature to navigate (or contact us for assistance). Green miners like Frank Keeney also learned that surviving underground required men to depend upon each other and to honor the wisdom of the most experienced men. Religious organizations -Salaries, 1929in. Shows the hourly, daily, and biannual earnings of different occupations in the Missouri coal industry between 1890-1922. Shows the daily cost of food, heat, and light for a working family of 4 following independence. When he lit the fuse, the lead miner hollered, Fire in the hole, and scuttled out of the room with his buddy. Source: Compares 1922 to1940 wage rates for a variety of RR jobs, pp. Copy. White familiesspent an average $103.71/yearon medical care around 1928-1931. Tables 6-13 show farm land prices by county in IA, MN, ND, ID, OH, KY, NC and TX. Frank Keeney left no account of how he felt the day he entered the mine portal, but one imagines the dread that might have accompanied a ten-year-old boys first trip into the hole. A trapper like Frank had to pay close attention to his duties, opening and closing the doors regularly to keep the air moving and to allow coal cars to pass back and forth. Careless miners always fail. Some occupations covered include telephone operators, waitresses, hotel maids, chambermaids, elevator girls, laundry workers, retail clerks, and factory workers in the wood working industry. Lists annual pay for individuals occupying administrative and supervisory positions in the executive and judicial branches. Source: Shows the daily or monthly wages of 13 occupations in the treaty port. Source: BLS, Shows the average daily wages and hours of a variety of occupations in Madrid. Kitchen: Source: Median wages for butlers, chauffeurs, gardeners, furnace men and "house men" employed to work in private households in Philadelphia in the late 1920s. (Jack Corn/EPA) A ppalachian coal production has been on shaky ground almost since the industry's inception in the mid 19th century. Lists single-unit prices for barbital, benzoyl peroxide, benzocaine, aspirin, quinoline, and more, showing proprietary and coined drug names. Report published in 1927 includes extensive wage data for women in Tennessee by race, industry, education, and more, circa 1925. Shows police department salaries for cities over 100,000 population. Source: BLS, Shows the average daily or monthly wages for various occupations in 5 different cities in Brazil. Boys younger than 12 often worked beside their fathers underground because, in many communities, it was the only paying job available. Source: U.S. Congressional Serial Set Vol. Shows wages and hours of workers in the cotton industry over a 23 year period. Appalachias traditionally small, locally owned mines started merging with larger energy firms in the 1960s, and by 1970 bituminous coal employment had dropped to 140,000 people from its 1923 peak of 740,000. Shows starting salary and increases granted based on marital status and number of children. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review, July 1930. . Wages are shown in Belgian francs. Gasoline cost an average21.7 per gallon in 1929. Most trapper boys learned how to overcome their fears by watching and listening to the colliers who went underground with them. Shows the average weekly wages of NY factory workers every month over a 14 year period. The lawmakers apparently agreed with West Virginias Republican governor, G. W. Atkinson, who said in 1901: It is but the natural course of mining events that men should be injured and killed by accidents.. Red Ash mine was also the location of a disaster in 1900, which killed forty-six miners. 297. West Virginias mine safety laws were the weakest in the nation. Source: BLS, Shows the annual earnings of manual and nonmanual workers in Sweden. Shows prices for articles of clothing sold in 35 retailer shops in twelve cities. Source: BLS Bulletin no. Shows pay for those involved in "1st class New York City productions" including actors of various levels (from chorus to leads) as well as directors, designers, scene painters, stage hands, etc. Source: Describes the labor policy of Australia in the 1920's and throughout the rest of the early 20th century. In 1984 there were 174 deep coal mines in the UK by 1994 - the year the industry was finally privatized - there were just 15 left. Source: Shows wages by occupation in Belfast, Cork, Glasgow, Dundee, Cardiff, London, Manchester and more. Source: BLS. Prices are shown in Mexican pesos. 45-57. Prices are shown in Swiss francs. Source: BLS, Shows the retail prices of foodstuffs and other staple goods in the Mexican capital. See table 164 for average annual wage. Wages on pages34-40. Source: U.S. Department of Commerce. After a temporary escape to attend grammar school, it was the world he reentered in 1900 as an eighteen-year-old man willing and able to load coal for a miners pay. Total Pay. Source: BLS, Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. Infant's: Source: BLS, Shows the average price of foodstuffs and other common goods in the federal district of Mexico. Source: BLS, Shows the average daily wage in both yen and US dollars. At suppertime, youngsters like Frank would sit with the men on a pile of slate and listen as veterans of the mine would sing songs, spin yarns, and tell jokes; they would rib the boys, trick them for laughs, and tell them tall tales of the devilish apparitions that appeared to them down in the hole. Men's: U.S. coal mining employment change by state Q4 2011-Q4 2016 ; Source: U.S. Bureau of Education. Source: BLS Bulletin no. Acquiring a sense of humor helped mask a workers dread of the mine, but joking was no substitute for learning how to be careful. Wages are shown in Brazilian milreis. Shows by county the price of undeveloped land, plow land and farm land. Pennsylvania's investment in anthracite iron paid dividends for the industrial economy of the state and proved that coal could be adapted to a number of industrial pursuits. Most of their houses had images of union president John L. Lewis, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, and Jesus. An increase in annual vacation pay was also stipulated.Wage Chronology: Bituminous . Wages shown in 1930 US dollars. Owners claimed property rights and managerial entitlements over the workplace. Shows salaries at the state, county and city levels. Source: Report of the Salary survey commission to the Pennsylvania General assembly, 1929. Covers elementary, junior high, and high school teachers in American cities with populations of 2,500 or more. Source: Cost of living and family expenditures in Kentucky, Tennessee and Texas. Wages are shown in Brazilian milreis. Source: Covers elementary schools and junior high schools in American cities with populations of 2,500 or more. Cottage and bungalow home designs with illustrations and floor plans in the "Wardway homes" catalog. The mine operators assumed that if they paid a worker according to the number of tons he loaded, they would foster a competitive climate underground; and in a sense, the tonnage system worked this way. Source: Shows wages, hours and earnings for mechanics, pipe fitters, welders, tinsmiths derrick men, drillers, firemen, engineers and more. Source: Monthly price list for Ralph's Grocery Company, which sold only in the Los Angeles area. One threat the animals and birds could detect was the odor of gas that oozed from the ancient vegetation compacted over the ages. Source: BLS, Shows the average retail prices of food, clothing, and fuel prices in Shanghai. In the 1920s decade, 8% to 12%of peopleaged18-21enrolled incollege. By 1854, forty-six percent of all American pig iron had been smelted with anthracite coal as a fuel, and by 1860 anthracite's share of pig iron was more than fifty-six . This mammoth work lists typical earnings as well as job descriptions and working conditions for thousands of occupations just before the Great Depression. The legislature rejected all proposals for reform, however. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. Source: This table provides average yearly wages per industry or trade type, including transportation, education and agriculture, among others. "A good hotel room costs only $4-5 per day while a hospital charges $6 and $7." If a man died in a mine, they quit work to honor him and to take up a collection for his surviving wife and children. Source: Chicago Commission on Race Relations report. Bathroom: Veteran colliers knew competitive individualism bred greed, hostility, thievery, and a disregard for mine safety. Source: BLS, Shows the hourly, daily, and weekly earnings in Milan for various industries. Covers Great Britain, France, Belgium, Germany, Sweden, Norway, Switzerland, Italy and Austria. Shows the changes in wages of united Illinois coal miners following a labor agreement. In West Virginia's colliers, miners were paid 49 cents per ton of clean coal, compared with 76 cents in the unionized mines of Ohio. Wages are shown in contemporary U.S. dollars. Wages are shown in Spanish pesetas. by OCCUPATION Other enslaved African Americans escaped from the salt works to Ohio, a free state only 60 miles away. Shows the average weekly and hourly wages of different occupations in the Missouri shoe industry between 1913-1922. Every day his lifes in danger, Furniture, bookcases, carpets and rugs, curtains, hanging lamps, lightbulbs, table and floor lamps, clocks. In the US, coal mining is a shrinking industry. Source: BLS, Shows the cost of foodstuffs and other necessities in Greece. Many of the reports can be found in. Wages are expressed in both foreign currency and dollars. Literary giants have thoughts on the new edits to Roald Dahl's works. Source: BLS, Shows the average pay for a 48 hour week throughout 5 different industries in Milan. A good blast could bring down a ton or more of coal from the fractured face. Mostly covers manufacturing industries (tobacco was prominent), but there is some data for women who worked in mercantile stores, 5-and10-cent stores, and in laundries. 664. Includes both land and buildings. School and office supplies: This Farmers' Bulletin, Cost of Using Horses on Corn-Belt Farms, goes into great detail about the costs of keeping work horses, including a. From. Even the most skilled miners could not detect the presence of kettle bottoms, the petrified remains of huge ancient tree trunks that could plunge through the roofs and crush workers.
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