Personal Strivings: An Approach to Personality and Subjective Well-being, by Robert A. Emmons, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1986. It is a great, free way to engage the podcast community and increase the visibility of your podcasts. BORODITSKY: That's a wonderful question. According to neuroscientists who study laughter, it turns out that chuckles and giggles often aren't a response to humorthey're a response to people. GEACONE-CRUZ: It's a Sunday afternoon, and it's raining outside. But that can blind us to a very simple source of joy thats all around us. I decided it was very important for me to learn English because I had always been a very verbal kid, and I'd - was always the person who recited poems in front of the school and, you know, led assemblies and things like that. You can't smell or taste time. And what he found was kids who were learning Hebrew - this is a language that has a lot of gender loading in it - figured out whether they were a boy or a girl about a year sooner than kids learning Finnish, which doesn't have a lot of gender marking in the language. So when the perfect woman started writing him letters, it seemed too good to be true. VEDANTAM: There are phrases in every language that are deeply evocative and often untranslatable. The transcript below may be for an earlier version of this episode. They shape our place in it. Which I think is probably important with the reality that this edifice that you're teaching is constantly crumbling. MCWHORTER: Yes, that's exactly true. Of course, you also can't experience anything outside of time. But if they were sitting facing north, they would lay out the story from right to left. Thank you for helping to keep the podcast database up to date. This week, we launch the first of a two-part mini-series on the scie, If you think about the people in your life, it's likely that they share a lot in common with you. MCWHORTER: You could have fun doing such a thing. And in fact, speakers of languages like this have been shown to orient extremely well - much better than we used to think humans could. Parents and peers influence our major life choices. VEDANTAM: I'm Shankar Vedantam. I just don't want to do it. Hidden Brain Feb 23, 2023 Happiness 2.0: Surprising Sources of Joy Sometimes, life can feel like being stuck on a treadmill. And what he noticed was that when people were trying to act like Monday, they would act like a man. In this week's My Unsung Hero, Sarah Feldman thanks someone for their gift more than 20 years ago. Personal Strivings: An Approach to Personality and Subjective Well-being, by Robert A. Emmons, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1986. VEDANTAM: Time is another concept that is also central to the way we see and describe the world. Happiness 2.0: The Only Way Out Is Through. If it is the first time you login, a new account will be created automatically. In the final episode of our Relationships 2.0 series, psychologistHarry Reis says theres another ingredient to successful relationships thats every bit as important as love. So - but if I understand correctly, I would be completely at sea if I visited this aboriginal community in Australia because I have often absolutely no idea where I am or where I'm going. So the question for us has been, how do we build these ideas? But as Bob Cialdini set out to discover the keys to influence and persuasion, he decided to follow the instincts of his childhood. Happiness 2.0: The Reset Button. Assessing the Seeds of Relationship Decay: Using Implicit Evaluations to Detect the Early Stages of Disillusionment, by Soonhee Lee, Ronald D. Rogge, and Harry T. Reis, Psychological Science, 2010. Imagine this. BORODITSKY: Yeah. And as soon as I saw that happen, I thought, oh, this makes it so much easier. Of course, if you can't keep track of exactly seven, you can't count. It can be almost counterintuitive to listen to how much giggling and laughing you do in ordinary - actually rather plain exchanges with people. But if I give that same story to a Hebrew or an Arabic speaker, they would organize it from right to left. FDA blocks human trials for Neuralink brain implants. If you are able, we strongly encourage you to listen to the audio, which includes emotion and emphasis that's not on the page. And we looked at every personification and allegory in Artstor and asked, does the language that you speak matter for how you paint death, depending on whether the word death is masculine or feminine in your language? VEDANTAM: So this begs the question, if you were to put languages on something of a spectrum, where you have, you know, languages like Spanish or Hindi where nouns are gendered and languages like English where many nouns are not gendered but pronouns are gendered, and on the other end of the spectrum, you have languages like Finnish or Persian where you can have a conversation about someone without actually mentioning their gender, it would seem surprising if this did not translate, at some level, into the way people thought about gender in their daily activities, in terms of thinking about maybe even who can do what in the workplace. UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #9: (Speaking German). I just don't want to do it. Women under about 30 in the United States, when they're excited or they're trying to underline a point, putting uh at the end of things. in your textbooks but when you're hanging out with friends. This week, we kick off a month-long series we're calling Happiness 2.0. Many of us rush through our lives, chasing goals and just trying to get everything done. Shankar Vedantam, host of the popular podcast "Hidden Brain" has been reporting on human behavior for decades. And if people heard the sounds a little differently and produced them a little differently, if there were new meanings of words - very quickly whatever the original meaning was wouldn't be remembered. Copyright Hidden Brain Media | Privacy Policy. MCWHORTER: Language is a parade, and nobody sits at a parade wishing that everybody would stand still. Copyright Hidden Brain Media | Privacy Policy, direct support to Hidden Brain by making a gift on our Patreon page, sponsorship opportunities on Hidden Brain. So for example, English speakers, because they're very likely to say, he did it or someone did it, they are very good at remembering who did it, even if it's an accident. They are ways of seeing the world. And that is an example of a simple feature of language - number words - acting as a transformative stepping stone to a whole domain of knowledge. But that can blind us to a very simple source of joy thats all around us. You're also not going to do algebra. Languages are not just tools to describe the world. But then you start writing things down and you're in a whole new land because once things are sitting there written on that piece of paper, there's that illusion. But that can blind us to a very simple source of joy thats all around us. But actually, that's exactly how people in those communities come to stay oriented - is that they learn it, (laughter) right? : The Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Benefits of Sharing Positive Events, Perceived Partner Responsiveness as an Organizing Construct in the Study of Intimacy and Closeness, Read the latest from the Hidden Brain Newsletter. So LOL was an internet abbreviation meaning laugh out loud or laughing out loud, but LOL in common usage today doesn't necessarily mean hysterical laughter. We recommend movies or books to a friend. As someone who works in media, I often find that people who can write well are often people who know how to think well, so I often equate clarity of writing with clarity of thought. You know, endings are going to tend to drop off. Hidden Brain explores the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior and questions that lie at the heart of our complex and changing world. You're not going to do trigonometry. Sometimes, life can feel like being stuck on a treadmill. If you dont see any jobs posted there, feel free to send your resume and cover letter to [emailprotected] and well keep your materials on hand for future openings on the show. I think that the tone that many people use when they're complaining that somebody says Billy and me went to the store is a little bit incommensurate with the significance of the issue. So there are some differences that are as big as you can possibly measure. But what happens when these feelings catch up with us? Sociologist Lisa Wade believes the pervasive hookup culture on campuses today is different from that faced by previous generations. But it's exactly like - it was maybe about 20 years ago that somebody - a girlfriend I had told me that if I wore pants that had little vertical pleats up near the waist, then I was conveying that I was kind of past it. What we think of today as a word undergoing some odd development or people using some new construction is exactly how Latin turned into French. Language as it evolved was just talking to an extent that can be very hard for we literate people to imagine. And we teach them, for example, to say that bridges and apples and all kinds of other things have the same prefix as women. VEDANTAM: One of the ultimate messages I took from your work is that, you know, we can choose to have languages that are alive or languages that are dead. So you can't see time. That's because change is hard. BORODITSKY: Actually, one of the first people to notice or suggest that this might be the case was a Russian linguist, Roman Jakobson. JERRY SEINFELD: (As Jerry Seinfeld) The second button literally makes or breaks the shirt. This week, we continue our look at the science of influence with psychologist Robert Cialdini, and explore how these techniques can be used for both good and evil. Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships. What Makes Lawyers Happy? So for example, grammatical gender - because grammatical gender applies to all nouns in your language, that means that language is shaping the way you think about everything that can be named by a noun. So they've compared gender equality, gender parity norms from the World Health Organization, which ranks countries on how equal access to education, how equal pay is, how equal representation in government is across the genders. Later things are on the right. Perspectives on the Situation by Harry T. Reis, and John G. Holmes, in The Oxford Handbook of Personality and Social Psychology, 2012. Imagine how we would sound to them if they could hear us. Or feel like you and your spouse sometimes speak different languages? And if you teach them that forks go with women, they start to think that forks are more feminine. We'll also look at how languages evolve, and why we're sometimes resistant to those changes. MCWHORTER: Thank you for having me, Shankar. You know, we spend years teaching children about how to use language correctly. We always knew that certain species of animals had abilities to orient that we thought were better than human, and we always had some biological excuse for why we couldn't do it. In a lot of languages, there isn't. I'm Shankar Vedantam, and you're listening to HIDDEN BRAIN. Hidden Brain: You, But Better on Apple Podcasts 50 min You, But Better Hidden Brain Social Sciences Think about the resolutions you made this year: to quit smoking, eat better, or get more exercise. For more on decision-making, check out our episode on how to make wiser choices. ADAM COLE, BYLINE: (Singing) You put your southwest leg in, and you shake it all about. So LOL starts out as meaning hardy-har-har (ph), but then it becomes something more abstract. UNIDENTIFIED ACTOR #1: (As character) If you're so upset about it, maybe you can think of a way to help her. Please do not republish our logo, name or content digitally or distribute to more than 10 people without written permission. John is a professor of English and comparative literature at Columbia University. You have to do it in order to fit into the culture and to speak the language. But time doesn't have to flow with respect to the body. But that can blind us to a very simple source of joy that's all around us. Whats going on here? What do you do for christmas with your family? Dictionaries are wonderful things, but they create an illusion that there's such thing as a language that stands still, when really it's the nature of human language to change. The dictionary says both uses are correct. Bu VEDANTAM: I understand that there's also been studies looking at how artists who speak different languages might paint differently depending on how their languages categorize, you know, concepts like a mountain or death. All rights reserved. Researcher Elizabeth Dunn helps us map out Having a sense of purpose can be a buffer against the challenges we all face at various stages of life. BORODITSKY: And Russian is a language that has grammatical gender, and different days of the week have different genders for some reason. But what we should teach is not that the good way is logical and the way that you're comfortable doing it is illogical. al, Group Decision and Negotiation, 2008. There's been a little bit of research from economists actually looking at this. BORODITSKY: Well, I think it's a terrible tragedy. Imagine you meet somebody, they're 39 and you take their picture. The size of this effect really quite surprised me because I would have thought at the outset that, you know, artists are these iconoclasts. Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships. MCWHORTER: Oh, yeah, I'm a human being. Each language comprises the ideas that have been worked out in a culture over thousands of generations, and that is an incredible amount of cultural heritage and complexity of thought that disappears whenever a language dies. A brief history of relationship research in social psychology, by Harry T. Reis, in Handbook of the History of Social Psychology, 2011. And one day, I was walking along, and I was just staring at the ground. That is exactly why you should say fewer books instead of less books in some situations and, yes, Billy and I went to the store rather than the perfectly natural Billy and me went to the store. Many of us rush through our lives, chasing goals and just trying to get everything done. If the language stayed the way it was, it would be like a pressed flower in a book or, as I say, I think it would be like some inflatable doll rather than a person. And so, for example, can I get a hamburger? Many people have this intuition that, oh, I could never learn that; I could never survive in a community like this. And it's sad that we're not going to be able to make use of them and learn them and celebrate them. Lera is a cognitive science professor at the University of California, San Diego. How to Foster Perceived Partner Responsiveness: High-Quality LIstening is Key, Perceived Partner Responsiveness Scale (PPRS), Toward Understanding Understanding:The Importance of Feeling Understood in Relationships, Perceived Responses to Capitalization Attempts are Influenced by Self-Esteem and Relationship Threat, Perceived Partner Responsiveness Minimizes Defensive Reactions to Failure, Assessing the Seeds of Relationship Decay: Using Implicit Evaluations to Detect the Early Stages of Disillusionment. The fun example I give my students is imagine playing the hokey pokey in a language like this. Something new will have started by then, just like if we listen to people in 1971, they sound odd in that they don't say like as much as we do. I said, you know, this weird thing happened. And then he would take a Polaroid of the kid and say, well, this is you. The transcript below may be for an earlier version of this episode. MCWHORTER: It's a matter of fashion, pure and simple. Many of us rush through our lives, chasing goals and just trying to get everything done. I want everybody to have the fun I'm having. It's testament to the incredible ingenuity and complexity of the human mind that all of these different perspectives on the world have been invented. And if that is true, then the educated person can look down on people who say Billy and me went to the store or who are using literally, quote, unquote, "wrong" and condemn them in the kinds of terms that once were ordinary for condemning black people or women or what have you. The fact is that language change can always go in one of many directions, there's a chance element to it. Stay with us. No matter how hard you try to feel happier, you end up back where. ), The Sourcebook of Listening Research: Methodology and Measures, 2018. This week, in the second installment of our Happiness 2.0 series, psychologist Todd Kashdan looks at the relationship between distress and happiness, and how to keep difficult emotions from sabotaging our wellbeing. VEDANTAM: So all this raises a really interesting question. MCWHORTER: Exactly. If you prefer to listen through a podcast app, here are links to our podcast on Apple, Spotify, and Stitcher. I'm Shankar Vedantam. VEDANTAM: Would it be possible to use what we have learned about how words and languages evolve to potentially write what a dictionary might look like in 50 years or a hundred years? And you say that dictionaries in some ways paint an unrealistic portrait of a language. All of the likes and, like, literallies (ph) might sometimes grate on your nerves, but John McWhorter says the problem might be with you, not with the way other people speak. VEDANTAM: Lera Boroditsky is a cognitive science professor at the University of California, San Diego. So you have speakers of two different languages look at the same event and come away with different memories of what happened because of the structure of their languages and the way they would normally describe them. And so to address that question, what we do is we bring English speakers into the lab, and we teach them grammatical genders in a new language that we invent. Imagine this. And why do some social movements take off and spread, while others fizzle? But I think that we should learn not to listen to people using natural language as committing errors because there's no such thing as making a mistake in your language if a critical mass of other people speaking your language are doing the same thing. Learn more. Transcript Podcast: Subscribe to the Hidden Brain Podcast on your favorite podcast player so you never miss an episode. And what we find is that if you teach people that forks go with men grammatically in a language, they start to think of forks as being more masculine. VEDANTAM: So I want to talk about a debate that's raged in your field for many years. For more of our Relationships 2.0 series, check out one of our most popular episodes ever about why marriages are so hard. And as you point out, it's not just that people feel that a word is being misused. Languages are not just tools. It's part of a general running indication that everything's OK between you and the other person, just like one's expected to smile a little bit in most interactions. And I kind of sheepishly confessed this to someone there. We use a lot of music on the show! When language was like that, of course it changed a lot - fast - because once you said it, it was gone. Only a couple hundred languages - or if you want to be conservative about it, a hundred languages - are written in any real way and then there are 6,800 others. VEDANTAM: I understand there's been some work looking at children and that children who speak certain languages are actually quicker to identify gender and their own gender than children who are learning other languages in other cultures. As you're going about your day, you likely interact with family, friends and coworkers. Can I get some chicken? UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #2: (Speaking foreign language). Young people have always used language in new and different ways, and it's pretty much always driven older people crazy. We call this language Gumbuzi. But the reason that it seems so elusive is because we don't really think about the, quote, unquote, "meaning" of things like our conversation-easing laughter. I had this cool experience when I was there. You can find the transcript for most episodes of Hidden Brain on our website. Toula and Ian's different backgrounds become apparent on one of their very first dates. And I did that. This is HIDDEN BRAIN. And if you don't have a word for exactly seven, it actually becomes very, very hard to keep track of exactly seven. It's natural to want to run away from difficult emotions such as grief, anger and fear. Well, that's an incredibly large set of things, so that's a very broad effect of language. But that can blind us to a very simple source of joy that's all around us. BORODITSKY: Thank you so much for having me. UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #3: (Speaking foreign language). In the second episode of our "Relationships 2.0" series, psychologist Do you ever struggle to communicate with your mom? BORODITSKY: Yeah. Today in our Happiness 2.0 series, we revisit a favorite episode from 2020. podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9rd1djMGxoZg==, open.spotify.com/show/20Gf4IAauFrfj7RBkjcWxh. Many of us believe that hard work and persistence are the key to achieving our goals.
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