ANDS is a $120M federally funded national infrastructure innovation project to exploit Australia's research data advantage. LIFE-2022-SAP-NAT-NATURE Gamta ir biologin vairov (angl. We estimate a decline in 2020 life expectancy at birth (e0) of 1.3 years, a mortality level not seen since 2014. Self-wetting adhesive composition. La Commissione europea ha pubblicato i primi bandi del programma LIFE 2021-2027 per l' ambiente, il clima e l' energia . Child immunization was reduced, particularly among impoverished children in the North region29. 1b and Supplementary Table 2)5. JRSvk] http://olheparaafome.com.br/VIGISAN_Inseguranca_alimentar.pdf (2021). wrote the codes for analysis. Larger relative femalemale gaps were estimated for e65an increase of 16.3% in 2020 in Brazil and a 107% increase in 2020 in Amap. As of 23 May 2021, P.1 was the most prevalent strain in the country (92% of the samples analyzed)25. Liu, Y., Lotero, E. & Goodwin, J. G. Jr Effect of water on sulfuric acid catalyzed esterification. Article Both methods resulted in larger estimates of life expectancy decline compared to the difference between 2019 and 2020 period life tables (Supplementary Tables 1 and 2): for example, for Brazil (both sexes), the decline in e0 was estimated at 1.92 years (DT20) and 1.67 years (DT19) versus 1.31 years (difference between 2019 and 2020 life tables). Records with ill-defined, unspecified or unattended deaths (codes R99 and R98) in 2020 were treated as non-COVID-19 deaths (4.9% (75,484/1,541,556)). <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Ohara, T. et al. Anne J. McNeil. J. Environ. & Pimenta, D. N. Community health workers reveal COVID-19 disaster in Brazil. volume27,pages 16291635 (2021)Cite this article. Reduction in life expectancy in Brazil after COVID-19. 3 0 obj Tobing, S. D. & Klein, A. Molecular parameters and their relation to the adhesive performance of acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives. M.C.C. <>/Metadata 190 0 R/ViewerPreferences 191 0 R>> Thank you for visiting nature.com. 10, 4153 (2021). We estimated reductions in e0 and e65 due to COVID-19, for each state and sex, from the difference between the 2020 period life table and the DT20 estimates (Supplementary Tables 3 and 4), between the 2019 period life table and the DT19 estimates for 2020 (Supplementary Tables 5 and 6) and between the 2019 period life table and the DT19 estimates for 2021 (Supplementary Table 11). The LIFE programme is structured in two fields - Environment and Climate Action - and it contributes to these priorities through its four sub-programmes: Environment field: 1. ACS Macro Lett. and M.T.R. D.I.C., M.I.J., and E.N.G.M. Esterification of polyacrylic acid using alkyl halides under basic conditions had already been reported38. Vilseck, J. Soc. Dev. We demonstrate herein that our open-loop recycling approach to pressure-sensitive adhesives from superabsorbent polymers outcompetes the petroleum-derived syntheses on nearly every metric, including global warming potential and cumulative energy demand. Super absorbent polymer recycling to pressure sensitive adhesives. 109, 57555798 (2009). SAP GUI Scripting Security Guide. hypno youtube. Chang noted that most existing PSAs appear between the G and G bounds of 103 and 106 Pascals (Pa) at the aforementioned bounding frequencies, and can be grouped into the quadrants (and central region) highlighted in Fig. Barnes, D. K. A., Galgani, F., Thompson, R. C. & Barlaz, M. Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global environments. Reduction in life expectancy in Brazil after COVID-19, \({\,}_nD_x = ({\,}_nK_x - \,_nD_x^{COV})({\,}_n^ \ast M_x) + \,_nD_x^{COV}\), $${\,}_{\boldsymbol{n}}{\boldsymbol{R}}_{\boldsymbol{x}} = \frac{{{\,}_{\boldsymbol{n}}^ \ast {\boldsymbol{D}}_{\boldsymbol{x}}}}{{{\,}_{\boldsymbol{n}}{\boldsymbol{D}}_{\boldsymbol{x}}}}$$, $${\,}_{\boldsymbol{n}}{\boldsymbol{p}}_{\boldsymbol{x}} = {\boldsymbol{e}}^{\left( {\frac{1}{{{\,}_{\boldsymbol{n}}{\boldsymbol{R}}_{\boldsymbol{x}}}}\, \ast \,\log \left( {{\,}_{\boldsymbol{n}}^ \ast {\boldsymbol{p}}_{\boldsymbol{x}}} \right)} \right)}$$, $${\,}_{\boldsymbol{n}}{\boldsymbol{q}}_{\boldsymbol{x}} = 1 - {\,}_{\boldsymbol{n}}{\boldsymbol{p}}_{\boldsymbol{x}}$$, $${\,}_{\boldsymbol{n}}{\boldsymbol{a}}_{\boldsymbol{x}} = {\boldsymbol{n}} + \frac{1}{{{\,}_{\boldsymbol{n}}{\boldsymbol{R}}_{\boldsymbol{x}}}} \ast \frac{{{\,}_{\boldsymbol{n}}^ \ast {\boldsymbol{q}}_{\boldsymbol{x}}}}{{{\,}_{\boldsymbol{n}}{\boldsymbol{q}}_{\boldsymbol{x}}}} \ast ({\,}_{\boldsymbol{n}}^ \ast {\boldsymbol{a}}_{\boldsymbol{x}} - {\boldsymbol{n}})$$, $${\,}_\infty {\boldsymbol{a}}_{90} = {\,}_\infty ^ \ast {\boldsymbol{a}}_{90}\, \ast _\infty {\boldsymbol{R}}_{90}$$, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01437-z. Rede Genmica Fiocruz. Here we report an open-loop recycling method for these materials that involves (i) decrosslinking via hydrolysis, (ii) an optional chain-shortening via sonication, and (iii) functionalizing via Fischer esterification. We calculate three sets of estimates of life expectancy decline but argue that those based on the difference in life expectancy between 2019 and 2020, which include all reported deaths in those 2 years, are the most defensible because they do not depend on accurate classification of cause of death, determination of whether the death was directly or indirectly due to COVID-19 or assumptions about independence among causes. The G at each frequency describes an adhesives ability to dissipate energy. A conscientious employee, willing to learn new skills, open to instruction and feedback with a background in varied product, process and people management. The global annual production of this class of materials is estimated to be over 2 million metric tons, with disposable diapers claiming 74% of the market13. Technical Assistance Projects (all subprogrammes): 22 September (5 p.m.). XWPH.c0vyT0GA&AEO_18Py7%ZN&d"h%I.[Al} xlTBbp~VXaUL|y17 The magnitude of the COVID-19 death toll was not homogenous across states and was associated with the pattern of spread18. Polym. JAMA 324, 510513 (2020). McNeill, I. C. & Sadeghi, S. M. T. Thermal stability and degradation mechanisms of poly(acrylic acid) and its salts: Part 1-poly(acrylic acid). In just the first 4 months of 2021, Brazil surpassed the number of COVID-19 deaths during all of 2020. stream Numbers above 100 indicate more deaths in 2021 than 2020. Sci. a, Estimated change in life expectancy at birth in 2020 based on the difference from life tables calculated for 2019 and 2020 by state and sex. Aburto, J. M. et al. 127, 289301 (2016). Oncol. 4b,c). Andrady, A. L. We abstracted death data on 18 May 2021, for all states, as reported through 30 April 2021 (n=209,458 confirmed COVID-19 deaths). Degrad. Adoption is complex, emotional, life-altering. and N.G. We approximated the population at risk in 2021 by interpolating IBGE population projections to the mid-analysis period (1 March 2021). Previous studies used this approach to estimate life tables in the presence of COVID-19 (refs. 99, 99106 (2015). Google Scholar. 7 years of experience in SAP GL-MDM, SAP MDG and SAP ECC (Cost Center, Profit Center & General Ledger). From April to December 2020, an emergency basic income program mitigated the challenges imposed by the pandemic37 (for example, unemployment), but this benefit ended in December 2020. 5, 501516 (2020). Plastics and the Environment. Closed-loop chemical recycling via depolymerization to monomer is also not currently feasible for these superabsorbent materials because side-chain degradation outcompetes depolymerization. Trans. For many polymers, recycling via mechanical processes is not feasible and these materials are destined for landfills or incineration. Khoo, S. C. et al. Depolymerization of polymers. A more limited version of the basic income program was re-established in April 2021. Li, Q. et al. The complex viscosity again dropped several orders of magnitude over 24h, at which point no further changes were observed, again suggesting that most crosslinks have been hydrolyzed (Supplementary Fig. Anjeza Beharaj, Ethan Z. McCaslin, Mark W. Grinstaff, Aya Samir, Fatma H. Ashour, Mohamed Bassyouni, Amar K. Mohanty, Feng Wu, Manjusri Misra, Hom N. Sharma, Jeremy M. Lenhardt, Long N. Dinh, Ephraim G. Morado, Mara L. Paterson, Steven C. Zimmerman, Anna M. Duraj-Thatte, Avinash Manjula-Basavanna, Neel S. Joshi, Ainara Sangroniz, Jian-Bo Zhu, Haritz Sardon, Nature Communications 4 0 obj We also used these period life tables to calculate the femalemale gap in e0 and e65 (Supplementary Table 7); the difference between the highest and lowest state life expectancies; the loss due to COVID-19 relative to increases in e0 and e65 (by sex and state) over the past two decades (20002020) (Supplementary Tables 8 and 9); and the setback in life expectancy due to COVID-19 identified by the years when the life expectancies estimated for 2020 and 2021 were last observed (Supplementary Table 10). Missed childhood immunizations during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: analyses of routine statistics and of a national household survey. Recent technologies for treatment and recycling of used disposable baby diapers. The authors thank Procter and Gamble (P&G) for supporting this work, as well as Ryan Hayes and Jonah Vilseck for assisting with simulations, Edwin Zishiri for assisting with synthesis, Gary Gilbertson, Bill Begley, and Yiping Sun for performing SEC on the PSAs, and Prof. Brian Love for his intellectual contributions. The estimated setback for e65 was overwhelming, equalling values last observed as far back as the early 2000s in most states in the North region and before 2000 in Amazonas, Par and Gois. Genomics and epidemiology of the P.1 SARS-CoV-2 lineage in Manaus, Brazil. For DT19, nRx is calculated as the ratio of expected deaths in the absence of COVID-19 to expected deaths in the presence of COVID-19. Among the states, the largest setback was estimated for Amazonas and Par (levels of 2006 for both sexes, 2008 and 2010 for females and 2005 and 2002 for males). Most consumer PSA-based products are found in either quadrant 3 or the central region (e.g., office tape, sticky notes, bandages, and removable labels), which is signified by low-to-medium G and G. john deere quick hitch. Thiounn, T. & Smith, R. C. Advances and approaches for chemical recycling of plastic waste. Chem. Commercial polyacrylate-based PSAs are often accessed via petroleum-sourced monomers (Fig. COVID-19 exacerbated inequality, exposing the most vulnerable to food insecurity and severe hunger38,39. Mortality due to COVID-19 is estimated to have reduced e0 in the United States by 1.13 years, setting it back to values observed in 2003 (ref. Slider with three articles shown per slide. x:y*$J*e,=x QHM`zeF i(ED'*V[Xzd;KOtI102e2P\vto\jQ| Z JAMA 324, 13911392 (2020). Holmes, L. et al. Palloni, A., Pinto, G. & Beltrn-Snchez, H. Two centuries of mortality decline in Latin America: from hunger to longevity. Before COVID-19, e0 in Brazil lagged behind many countries in Asia, Europe and the Americas. endobj Collias, D. I. et al. After more than 195,000 lives were reported to have been lost in 2020 to COVID-19, no policy changes have appeared in 2021. 239, 255261 (2019). interpreted the data. 8,17). Based on the total number of deaths reported in Brazil in 2019 and 2020, we constructed period life tables and calculated the difference in life expectancy between 2019 and 2020 by state and sex (Methods). We calculated the correlation between the speed of the spread of COVID-19 deaths (measured by the locational Hoover Index)18 and the decline in e0. EUROPE FACILITY. Nat Commun 12, 4524 (2021). On average, larger declines in e0 and e65 were estimated in the North regions and smaller in the South regions (Fig. 32, 290299 (2016). 916 (Springer International Publishing AG, 2018). J. Applicants wishing to apply for more than one topic, must submit a separate proposal under each topic. ISPRA Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale Raber, D. J. et al. CAS Scope: We applied standard life table relationships to complete these counterfactual life tables44. Surprisingly, even when excess H2O was intentionally added (3 equiv), high conversions were still observed (Supplementary Information pgs S15S16). 5). We made the assumption of proportionality between forces of decrement from cause i (or all causes except i) and the force of decrement from all other causes combined8,45. Science 371, 288292 (2021). sub-programme "Climate change mitigation and adaptation to change. When closed-loop processes are unavailable, an alternative, known as open-loop chemical recycling can be utilized. & Garca, J. M. Chemical recycling of waste plastics for new materials production. Eng. 61, 25842587 (1939). Lines represent changes for Brazil. Also, demographic projections did not account for the pandemic context and might have overestimated population size. Public Health 17, 4322 (2020). State acronyms by region: North: AC=Acre, AP=Amap, AM=Amazonas, PA=Par, RO=Rondnia, RR=Roraima and TO=Tocantins; Northeast: AL=Alagoas, BA=Bahia, CE=Cear, MA=Maranho, PB=Paraba, PE=Pernambuco, PI=Piau, RN=Rio Grande do Norte and SE=Sergipe; Center-West: DF=Distrito Federal, GO=Gois, MT=Mato Grosso and MS=Mato Grosso do Sul; Southeast: ES=Esprito Santo, MG=Minas Gerais, RJ=Rio de Janeiro and SP=So Paulo; South: PR=Paran, RS=Rio Grande do Sul and SC=Santa Catarina. 2U19AI089681-08). For e65, the decline in 2021 was estimated at 1.05 years for both sexes (Fig. Bars, organized by major regions, show changes for the states. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate. States in the North and Northeast have the worst indicators of income inequality, poverty, access to infrastructure and availability of physicians and hospital beds12,13. In this approach, the VW for each PSA is constructed from the dynamic storage (G) and loss (G) moduli at representative bonding and debonding frequencies of 0.01 and 100Hz, respectively. LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE Nature and Biodiversity SMART OUTCOME-BASED projects based on Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, and Time-Bound objectives for the implementation of EU Nature and Biodiversity legislation or Targets of the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 2. 364, 19851998 (2009). Second, COVID-19 disrupted primary care services in Brazil27. P.T.C. Nature and Biodiversity ID LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE . In addition to your salary, Elevance Health offers benefits such as, a comprehensive benefits package . Assists in troubleshooting SAP transactions; provide support to operations and maintenance. T.A. performed all wet-lab experimental work under the guidance of A.J.M. Zekry, M., Nassar, I., Salim, H. & Abdallah, A. Microwave-assisted hydrothermal decomposition of super absorbent polymers. The materials, equipment, synthetic methods, as well as all processed data generated in this study are provided in the Supplementary Information file. We used three approaches to assess changes in life expectancy due to COVID-19. Briefly, nonamers of polyacrylic acid were used as a model system along withbutanol Comparison of the reaction free energies was made between the first esterification and the final esterification. Science 372, 821826 (2021). J. Adhes. 6-month consequences of COVID-19 in patients discharged from hospital: a cohort study. 9w%?>Jb(o.IACt"`. https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/publications/the-new-plastics-economy-rethinking-the-future-of-plastics-catalysing-action (2017). The highest absolute and relative decline among states was estimated for Amazonas (3.46 years), followed by Amap (3.18 years) and Par (2.71 years), all in the North region. Presentation(edition Call 2021- content valid also for call 2022), European Climate Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency, This site is managed by the European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency, LIFE-2022-SAP-NAT Nature and Biodiversity - Standard Action Projects (SAP), Follow the European Commission on social media, Programme for the Environment and Climate Action (LIFE), European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency, LIFE - Support for applicants (europa.eu). . We used several data sources to estimate the changes in e0 and e65 due to COVID-19 by state and sex in Brazil. As a consequence, there is an intrinsic, limiting molar mass for each polymer below which further chain scissions are unlikely to occur. Proc. Jul 13, 2021 Nature and Biodiversity ID:LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE Type of action: [object Object] Objective: To contribute to European Union objectives for the protection, maintenance and restoration of the Union's natural capital in its marine, freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. 3, e1700782 (2017). is supported by the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development. Brazil does not lack a universal healthcare system, a network of community health agents to target vulnerable communities, sufficient data and a capable cadre of researchers tirelessly advancing knowledge and informing policy. Stab. 15), producing the relatively small estimates of life expectancy decline. axL5Bv\cH L(8@#lP&djen$kqbn7GwU$Kn~` d!B"mheQ%$HL3\0(Jqv\s. Prod. (UHe&+IW6rQIG nD!? A life cycle assessment demonstrates that the adhesives synthesized via this approach outcompete the same materials derived from petroleum feedstocks on nearly every metric, including carbon dioxide emissions and cumulative energy demand. ISSN 1078-8956 (print). To probe whether the hydrophobic side chains also push the equilibrium towards esterification, atomistic simulations were used (Supplementary Information pgs S27S29)46,47. While catalytic depolymerization methods20 can, in principle, proceed without side-chain degradation, they have not yet been demonstrated for commercial sources of polyacrylic acid. Green. California, United States. !J8Di,t1@'l:fBHM?bG)z6PRIq\QiA#J%B,yd6:$U drJH!e+Lal#fl&|5v{@V:"`as[#!S/`GoQd&~^lsv)rp. sub-programme "Circular economy and quality of life". The aim of the project is the conservation of Caretta caretta, in the western Mediterranean basin, from threats related to human disturbance in the nesting sites. Peter Bauer, Jonas Brugger, Martin Posch, Sven Drefahl, Matthew Wallace, Gunnar Andersson, Hctor Pifarr i Arolas, Enrique Acosta, Mikko Myrskyl, Ian F. Miller, Alexander D. Becker, C. Jessica E. Metcalf, Stefano Amore, Emanuela Puppo, Giuseppe Liotta, Ariel Pablos-Mndez, Simone Villa, Richard Alan Cash, Megan ODriscoll, Gabriel Ribeiro Dos Santos, Henrik Salje, Nature Medicine Rev. Environ. Semin. M.S. Our results point to an overall widening of the femalemale gap in e0 of 0.6 years in Brazil (9.1% increase). endobj This approach was inspired by the similar structures of sodium polyacrylate (superabsorbent polymer) and the polyacrylates (pressure-sensitive adhesives) used in tapes, bandages, and sticky notes, among others23. Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, Marcia C. Castro,Susie Gurzenda&Sun Kim, Demography Department, Cedeplar, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Office of Population Research and Princeton School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA, You can also search for this author in That is, the PSAs are soft enough to flow and wet a substrate at the bonding frequency, while hard enough to hold onto a substrate, and peel cleanly at the debonding frequency. To interrogate this hypothesis, we measured the percent esterification under different conditions. Acrylic acid and derivatives. Applicants wishing to apply for more than one topic, must submit a separate proposal under each topic. The G at each frequency describes an adhesives resistance to shear, and this term generally increases in samples with more chain entanglements (e.g., with increasing Mw). Chem. Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. From these studies, we conclude that the quantitative esterification of the polymer results from the hydrophobic reaction environment created by the polymer backbone and the 2-ethylhexanol solvent. Adv. Expected Impact : Applicants are expected to define, calculate, explain and achieve ambitious and credible impacts in terms of conservation benefit, ensuring at the same time long term sustainability and . %PDF-1.7 By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. We calculated nRx, the age-specific and sex-specific ratio of deaths from all causes other than COVID-19 to deaths inclusive of COVID-19. Lancet 394, 345356 (2019). defined the methodology. State acronyms by region: North: AC=Acre, AP=Amap, AM=Amazonas, PA=Par, RO=Rondnia, RR=Roraima and TO=Tocantins; Northeast: AL=Alagoas, BA=Bahia, CE=Cear, MA=Maranho, PB=Paraba, PE=Pernambuco, PI=Piau, RN=Rio Grande do Norte and SE=Sergipe; Center-West: DF=Distrito Federal, GO=Gois, MT=Mato Grosso and MS=Mato Grosso do Sul; Southeast: ES=Esprito Santo, MG=Minas Gerais, RJ=Rio de Janeiro and SP=So Paulo; South: PR=Paran, RS=Rio Grande do Sul and SC=Santa Catarina. Smith, D. W. & Bradshaw, B. S. Variation in life expectancy during the twentieth century in the United States. Silveira, M. F. et al. https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/reports/super-absorbent-polymer-market (20152020). The synthetic polymer community created these impactful materials, and now, we must turn our attention towards technologies that facilitate their collection and recycling, to create a circular economy that is more sustainable7. Nature Governance ). M.C.C. & Urey, H. C. The mechanisms of acid catalyzed ester hydrolysis, esterification and oxygen exchange of carboxylic acids. Among the states, Amazonas, Rondnia, Roraima and Mato Grosso had the largest declines in e0 in both 2020 and 2021 (Fig. http://www.genomahcov.fiocruz.br/tabela-de-dados/ (2021). Given multiple AIG Prestige, AIG EVP Quest and Citi E-Thank You awards for exceeding process target and providing continued assistance to the team.<br><br>SKILLS <br> Experienced in Master Data . . It was here that Sam, my husband, turned to me and said, 'This could .