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A process that requires energy to move a substance against its concentration gradient is called: The Na+/K+ pump transports three sodium ions out of the cell for every two potassium ions moved into the cell. Otherwise, tap the red Don't know box. Between 1950 and 1990, wheat production in India in average pounds per acre more than tripled, which allowed India to meet its populations need for food. Which of the following statements most accurately compares these two agricultural practices? Describe flow of solvent molecules across a membrane. Once again, as the concentration of this gas increases within the cell, it diffuses outwards towards capillaries where the force of flowing blood removes the excess gas from the tissue region. In facilitated diffusion, molecules only move with the aid of a protein in the membrane. QUESTION 28 Which of the following best explains the role of transcription in a cell? The images show devices developed during the Second Agricultural Revolution. A) greater collision frequency and more effective collisions B) increasing the number of particles in a given volume increases collision frequency C) weakens the bonds in the reactants so that they are easier to break D) better orientation of the reactant Use these flashcards to help memorize information. What is the basic difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion across a cell membrane? Which of the following best explains how a wheat farmer in the Northern Plains region of the United States is able to maximize profits? Water is attracted to the compartment with a lower osmotic pressure. The cotransporter accomplishes this by physically coupling the transport of glucose to the movement of sodium ions down their concentration gradient. The membrane potential of a typical cell is -40 to -80 millivolts, with the minus sign meaning that inside of the cell is more negative than the outside, As an example of how the membrane potential can affect ion movement, lets look at sodium and potassium ions. C. movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. What transport process can create a concentration gradient for sodium across the plasma membrane? Similarly, if a canister of liquid nitrogen leaks a little, nitrogen gas that escapes would quickly diffuse into the atmosphere. This electricity can do work. The first sugar solution is hypotonic to the second solution. A number of colonies were established and settled by people from Great Britain. The membrane has pores and openings to allow the passage of specific molecules. Which of the following solutions contains the most solute? For example, how might this play into why coffee and tea always start with hot water? You can also use your keyboard to move the cards as follows: If you are logged in to your account, this website will remember which cards you know and don't know so that they The function of the plasma membrane is to control what goes in and out of the cell. Molecules that cannot easily pass through the bilayer include ions and small hydrophilic molecules, such as glucose, and macromolecules, including proteins and RNA. If a person is severely dehydrated, their extracellular fluids will become hypertonic to the intracellular fluid. Which of the following best explains the spatial patterns illustrated in von Thnens model? Which of the following best explains the significance of similarities between the farming practices for apple orchards and grape vineyards? how does the antiporter provide energy for molecules to go in the "opposite" direction? 2.1: Osmosis - Biology LibreTexts Not everything can make it into your cells. With the phosphate group gone, the pump will change back to its original form, opening towards the interior of the cell. Dairy cows must be kept close to farmhouses, as they require daily milking, and milk must be produced close to consumers, as it is highly perishable. Which of the following best explains the significance of a similarity among locations where olives, figs, grapes and lemons are grown? what is the main difference between active transport using a carrier protein, and passive transport using facilitated diffusion? What organelle degrades old, worn-out organelles and cell components? This creates a concentration gradient, with concentration of carbon dioxide gradually decreasing with distance from the lump of dry ice. Agricultural settlement patterns are partly determined by the survey system used to organize landownership. The mechanization of farming in the Second Agricultural Revolution resulted in more reliable crop harvests and healthier populations in areas where the mechanization was adopted. C. The SER manufactures proteins for export from the cell. Which of the following is the best situation for maintaining homeostasis? Solved QUESTION 28 Which of the following best explains the - Chegg The cytoplasm does not include the nucleus. Farmers' health is at risk in less developed countries, whereas environmental pollution is a risk in more developed countries. Some transport processes use transport proteins in the plasma membrane, but do not require ATP. A vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane and releases its contents to the extracellular fluid. Direct link to Samuel Mayer's post In an antiporter it uses , Posted 7 years ago. Which of the following best describes the survey system used in both locations shown? C. Extracellular fluid should be isotonic to intracellular fluid. One of the main characteristics of diffusion is the movement of molecules along the concentration gradient. The tonicity of the IV fluid doesn't matterthe patient won't be in the operating room that long so any tonicity would be OK for a couple of hours. Question 12 30 seconds Q. Which of these components add specialized functions to the plasma membrane? This may seem like a complicated cycle, but it just involves the protein going back and forth between two forms: an inward-facing form with high affinity for sodium (and low affinity for potassium) and an outward-facing form with high affinity for potassium (and low affinity for sodium). Which of the following is the main component of the cell membrane? Facilitated diffusion is necessary for the movement of large or polar molecules across the hydrophobic lipid bilayer. The rate of this movement depends on the energy of the . Think of how delicious smells from your kitchen take longer to get into your bedroom than to your living room which is located right beside the kitchen. In secondary active transport, the movement of the sodium ions down their gradient is coupled to the uphill transport of other substances by a shared carrier protein (a. The membrane connections that prevent the leaking of fluid between cells are called ________. Animal cells tend to do best in an isotonic environment, where the flow of water in and out of the cell is occurring at equal rates. The plants and animals diffused to a region with climate and geography similar to that of their point of domestication. The cell is therefore not completely permeable. Then tap the card to flip it. Can't that serve the same role? Which of the following compares this geographic relationship between these revolutions? Which of the following best explains why the New England region, located in the northeastern United States, would specialize in market gardening agriculture rather than other types of agriculture, such as grain farming? concentrated salt solution. Which one of the following processe | Filo Since they are relatively large openings in the plasma membrane, these integral membrane proteins also have high specificity. Diffusion is the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration. The English language became a widely spoken language in North America in the twentieth century. Which of the following best explains the potential impact of rising global temperatures on agricultural regions? It will bind two of them, and this triggers removal of the phosphate group attached to the pump in step 2. Answer: Random movement of molecules is not fast enough to disperse through the larger eukaryotic cell volume, Explanation: Eukaryotic clels are much bigger than prokaryotic cells. His feet and legs were swollen with fluid. This makes it easier for the dye to get mixed throughout the hot water. What is the basic difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion across a cell membrane? There are certainly more numbers of potassium ions in the cells, but remember that there are greater numbers of sodium ions outside the cell (since for every three sodium ions moved out of the cells, two potassium ions enter the cell), therefore, resulting in a net positive charge outside the cell and net negative charge inside the cell. Similarly, two miscible liquids will also diffuse into each other to form a uniform solution. In biological systems, diffusion occurs at every moment, across membranes in every cell as well as through the body. So the phospholipids are arranged in a double layer (a bilayer) to keep the cell separate from its environment. y1=3y2y2=12y1. Which of these statements about diffusion of molecules is true? The electrode system developed a potential of 0.2331V-0.2331 \mathrm{~V}0.2331V when immersed in 10.010.010.0 mL\mathrm{mL}mL of the solution of unknown concentration. Adults should handle or assist with potentially harmful materials or sharp objects. serve as the site for metabolic reactions such as protein synthesis. Direct link to zykeriaprice2's post what is the main differen, Posted 7 years ago. Active transport mechanisms can be divided into two categories. The passive process that involves the movement of water through aquaporins is ________. At this point, equilibrium is reached. The images show examples of agricultural technology developed during different time periods. The number of molecules that only collide with other carbon dioxide particles within dry ice decreases. The latter may be 0.5 um while the former may be 100 um (which is more than 10X in comparative size). Which of the following best explains diffusion?Which of the following Which of the following is least likely to increase the rate of diffusion? Overall, there are more positive charges on the outside of the membrane than on the inside. Which of the following best explains why farmers would plant both strawberries and watermelons in the same field? The term cytoplasm refers to the cytosol and all of the organelles, the specialized compartments of the cell. Intensive agriculture is practiced in a Mediterranean climate. Lettuce production in the United States is an example of commercial farming. The reaction proceeds as the two reactants diffuse towards each other and undergo a chemical reaction to form esters. Because of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic nature of the phospholipid, the molecule must be arranged in a specific pattern as only certain parts of the molecule can physically be in contact with water. When oxygen is moving towards tissues from capillaries, carbon dioxide is entering the bloodstream. Solution A contains 1% glucose, solution B contains 5% glucose. The sugar dissolves and the mixture that is now in the cup is made up of a solute (the sugar) that is dissolved in the solvent (the water). If a cell is in a hypertonic solution, the solution has a lower water concentration than the cell cytosol, and water moves out of the cell until . answer choices The English language initially diffused to North America through the process of relocation diffusion. This can even be observed visually by the addition of different colored dyes to each of the liquids. D. The IV fluid should be hypotonic to the patient's blood. D. Secondary active transport involves the movement of a substance into a cell with its concentration gradient. This can occur with all sorts of matter, but is most commonly observed in liquids and gases. In fact, cells spend much of the energy they harvest in metabolism to keep their active transport processes running. An example of this is the way the noxious smell of ammonia gas spreads in air. Nerve cells do not have centrioles. An open beaker of water in equilibrium with water vapour is in a sealed container. Do you think the temperature of the food coloring might have an effect on how it diffuses? The river in the long lot survey system provided better access to waterways to transport goods to market. Which of the following best explains diffusion? D. The SER stores calcium ions. A. As an example, let's suppose we have a high concentration of sodium ions in the extracellular space (thanks to the hard work of the sodium-potassium pump). This apparent slowing down is due to the fact that, over time, the larger container begins to have enough iodine gas that some of it will be moving backwards towards the crucible. Through the process of uniculturalism, multiple types of foods are blended together into one cuisine. In comparing two solutions of unequal solute concentration, the solution with the higher solute concentration is hypertonic, and the solution with the lower solute concentration is hypotonic. Stirring increases the area of interaction between the two chemicals and allows these molecules to diffuse towards each other more quickly. The image is a simple representation of the diffusion of one particle in another medium. Sheep production is an example of extensive agriculture requiring large pastures, whereas poultry production is an example of intensive agriculture often practiced indoors. this is in relation to the electrochemical gradient section. Concentric rings of different agricultural activities surrounding a city in the midwestern United States. Secondary active transport involves the movement of a substance into a cell through a protein channel with its concentration gradient. Which of the following spatial patterns is best explained by bid-rent theory? Background. Diffusion is the movement when molecules move from higher concentrated area to lower concentrated area. The plasma membrane (see figure below) is made of a double layer of special lipids, known as phospholipids. It mainly occur in liquid and gaseous substance as their particle can easily move from one place to another. selectively permeable: the characteristic of a membrane that allows some substances through but not others. This is usually not directed in any particular manner, and can appear random. In most biological systems, diffusion occurs across a semi-permeable membrane made of a lipid bilayer. Question 16 30 seconds Q. However, the township-and-range system uses simplified calculation to create a more ordered landscape. Technological innovations, such as the devices shown in the images, and increased agricultural productivity led to better diets, longer life expectancies, and more people available for work in factories. \dot{Q}_{\mathrm{H}}=500 \mathrm{kW}, \dot{W}_{\text {cycle }}=250 \mathrm{kW}, \dot{Q}_{\mathrm{C}}=200 \mathrm{kW}} \\ {\text { c. } \dot{W}_{\text {cycle }}=350 \mathrm{kW}, \dot{Q}_{\mathrm{C}}=150 \mathrm{kW}} \\ {\text { d. } \dot{Q}_{\mathrm{H}}=500 \mathrm{kW}, \dot{Q}_{\mathrm{C}}=200 \mathrm{kW}}\end{array} Red blood cells behave the same way (see figure below). Both domesticated plants and animals spread across the globe through contagious diffusion in early years by farmers and traders, and later by relocation diffusion through European exploration and colonialism. Since diffusion is powered primarily by the probability of molecules moving away from a region of higher saturation, it immediately follows that when the medium (or solvent) has a very low concentration of the solute, the probability of a molecule diffusing away from the central area is higher. Invention of the plow eased the intensive use of labor, and the innovation of mechanized farm equipment led to improved food production. 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Na+. Animal Gas Exchange and Transport | Organismal Biology - gatech.edu Figure showing the transport cycle of the sodium-potassium pump. Diffusion - BBC Bitesize answer choices Through the process of ethnocentrism, American culture has spread throughout the world. An open door is completely permeable to anything that wants to enter or exit through the door. Although it may feel like you're playing a game, your brain is still making more connections with the information to help you out. Which of the following concepts best explains the driving forces of For instance, one of the ways in which polyester is synthesized is by mixing the appropriate organic acid and alcohol in their liquid form. D. Golgi apparatus. While this could be facilitated by other molecules, it does not directly involve high-energy molecules such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or guanosine triphosphate (GTP). Facilitated diffusion is necessary for the biochemical processes of every cell since there is communication between various subcellular organelles. To log in and use all the features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser. Its tempting to simply make an argument based on stoichiometry: for every three ions of sodium that move out, only two ions of potassium move in, resulting in a more negative cell interior. If you've accidentally put the card in the wrong box, just tap on the card to take it out of the box. Simple diffusion is merely the movement of molecules along their concentration gradient without the direct involvement of any other molecules. Minerals For Erectile Dysfunction - Camping Estanyet O To edit the mRNA strand and make it ready to leave the nucleus. This results in crenation (shriveling) of the blood cell. If for example there are alot of sodium ions outside, their positive charges will repel and like atoms don't like being near eachother so they flow to the other side if there's a way to. The brands listed above are trademarks of 3M. Which of the following best explains diffusion? Diffusion is a physical process that refers to the net movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to one of lower concentration. 1. As time progresses, the differential gradient of concentrations between high and low will drop (become increasingly . Because of the increased capital investment required to produce new crop varieties using technology that was pioneered in more developed countries, there was an increase in wealth disparity in many farming communities in less developed countries. Which of the following is not required for osmosis to occur? In this form, the pump really likes to bind (has a high affinity for) sodium ions, and will take up three of them. If a cell is in a hypertonic solution, the solution has a lower water concentration than the cell cytosol, and water moves out of the cell until both solutions are isotonic. If sublimation is carried out in a narrow crucible, the fumes diffuse slowly out towards the mouth of the container and then rapidly disappear.