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He was a good sprinter and hurdler and in 1936 was asked to compete in the Olympic trials. PDF The Good Shepherd - Central Intelligence Agency It has been estimated that between January and June, 1954, the CIA spent about $20 million on Castillo's army. On April 4, 1953, Wisner persuaded Allen W. Dulles to approve $1 million to be used "in any way that would bring about the fall of Mossadegh." Wisner was born in New York on July 2, 1938. "The cable was from Des FitzGerald. Arbenz began to tackle Guatemala's unequal land distribution. Contents The removal of Jacobo Arbenz resulted in several decades of repression. Frank Gardner Wisner was born in Laurel, Mississippi, in 1910. Hector and I smiled at each other as Brad flushed with pleasure. Legal Statement. Britain and France were both initially in favour but eventually buckled under United States pressure and agreed to abstain. If it gets near the coast of Guatemala we'll sink the son-of-a-bitch. ' He was a good sprinter and hurdler and in 1936 was asked to compete in the Olympic trials. Henry Breck, a junior CIA officer out of Groton and Harvard, watched his grim-faced elders as they mourned. Frank Gardiner Wisner - Commander, United States Navy Central Intellignce Agency February 27, 2023 by Michael Robert Patterson Frank Gardner Wisner was born in Laurel, Mississippi, in 1910. In 1976, at the beginning of the Carter administration, he served under Cyrus Vance as Deputy Executive Secretary of the Department of State. CDR Frank Gardiner Wisner (1909-1965) - Find a Grave Memorial The military now joined the opposition and Mossadegh was arrested on August 19, 1953. Death 29 Oct 1965 (aged 56) Kent . During his absence Wisner's job was covered by his chief of operations, Richard Helms. . The questions from the unknown man next to me were very insistent, furtive. He served in South Vietnam until 1969, when he returned to the State Department as officer in charge of Tunisian affairs. Manage Settings A month earlier word had spread through the agency that the New York Times was embarking on a first-ever investigation of the CIA. Ernesto Guevara attempted to organize some civil militias but senior army officers blocked the distribution of weapons. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. He said that the country needed "an agrarian reform which puts an end to the latifundios and the semi-feudal practices, giving the land to thousands of peasants, raising their purchasing power and creating a great internal market favorable to the development of domestic industry.". Wisner Sr. died in 1965 by michael gordon. Later, several of the people involved in Operation Success, including Richard Bissell and Tracy Barnes, regretted the outcome of the Guatemala Coup. Some of this money was used to bribe journalists and publishers. It was a warm summer night. degree. Eisenhower shook his head, perhaps thinking of the thousands who had died in France. Wisner was too ill to return to his post as head of the DDP. In April 1962 Richard Helms recalled Wisner to Washington. How An American Spy Predicted the Cold War - US News & World Report He is the son of Frank Wisner, Sr., a man very well known at the CIA, who was the operational chief to conduct at least three coups d'tat--Arbenz in Guatemala, Mossadeq . His army was outnumbered by the Guatemalan Army. Wisner became head of this new organization and Richard Helms became his chief of operations. This had the effect of keeping the money flowing while allowing Wisner to influence and backchannel policy decisions. ", General Ridgeway answered. "All these people are getting killed, Wisner later said, and we weren't doing anything, we were ignoring it. He was educated at Woodberry Forest School in Orange and the University of Virginia. The President's final handshake was with Alien Dulles. After graduating Wisner worked as a Wall Street lawyer. Eisenhower spoke to his Chief of Naval Operations "Watch that sub. Required fields are marked *. This included George Kennan, Dean Acheson, Richard Bissell, Desmond FitzGerald, Joseph Alsop, Stewart Alsop, Tracy Barnes, Thomas Braden, Philip Graham, David Bruce, Clark Clifford, Walt Rostow, Eugene Rostow, Chip Bohlen, Cord Meyer, James Angleton, William Averill Harriman, John McCloy, Felix Frankfurter, John Sherman Cooper, James Reston, Allen W. Dulles and Paul Nitze. Shuttling Diplomat Ambassador of Peace - Advisorsmagazine When he finished Alien Dulles said, "Brad, I've never heard such crap." He was Richard Nixon, the Vice President. Your email address will not be published. He was diagnosed as manic depressive and received electroshock therapy. Wisner was educated at the University of Virginia, where he received both a B.A. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. He committed suicide in 1965. In July 19, 1954, he created the National Committee of Defense Against Communism and decreed the Preventive Penal Law Against Communism to fight against those who supported Arbenz when he was in power. The Central Intelligence Agency decided that Arbenz had to be removed from power. Mussadegh in Iran was left-wing and had indulged in talks with Russian diplomats about possible alliances and treaties. Feit Frank Visner aka Wisner or Vizner was born about 1857 in Cslav, Kutn Hora District, (Central Bohemian District), Bohemia, Austria. Two months later he moved on to Romania where his main task was to spy on the activities of the Soviet Union. Frank George Wisner II (born July 2, 1938) is an American businessman and former diplomat who had served as acting United States Secretary of State for a few hours following the resignation of the previous acting United States Secretary of State Arnold Kanter at noon on January 20, 1993 until the confirmation by the United States Senate and Wisner left Bucharest in the last week of January 1945.[6]. He could do that, because he was powerful. After leaving the OSS Wisner joined the Wall Street law firm, Carter Ledyard. The UN Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjold was so upset by the actions of the USA that he considered resigning from his post. After graduating Wisner worked as a Wall Street lawyer. Husband of Mary (Polly) Knowles a dedicated arts philanthropist and legendary Washington hostess. Over the next few weeks riots took place in Poland and East Germany. On January 4, 1951, the CIA merged the two offices and created a new Plans Division, which has had sole control over secret operations of all types since that date. The State Department immediately disavowed his comments and said Wisner had not been serving as an envoy but as a conduit for certain administration views.[16]. Frances Stonor Saunders, the author of Who Paid the Piper: The CIA and the Cultural Cold War? As one of the agents involved in Operation Bloodstone, Harry Rositzke, pointed out, Wisner was willing to use anyone "as long as he was anti-communist". Franklived in USA. "They don't seem to be up to anything. Thomas Braden later recalled: "Wisner brought in a whole load of fascists after the war, some really nasty people. Some of this money was used to bribe journalists and publishers. But the navy is watching a Soviet sub in the area; it could be there to evacuate some of Arbenz's friends, or to supply arms to any resisters.". However, there is evidence that he was recruited several years earlier and had been spying on the liberal organizations he had been a member of in the later 1940s. He was educated at Woodberry Forest School in Orange and the University of Virginia. Category:Frank Wisner - Wikimedia Commons Frank Wisner killed himself with one of his son's shotguns on 29th October, 1965. DR: In a sense, The Good Shepherd [vague][15] Wisner was unsuccessful in convincing Mubarak to do so. I myself was no great admirer of the Soviet Union, and I certainly had no expectation of harmonious relations after the war. Frank Wisner, who was part of the small network of OSS hands eager to get back in the spy game, had a solution to the problem. After leaving the OSS Wisner joined the Wall Street law firm, Carter Ledyard. Wisner was told to create an organization that concentrated on "propaganda, economic warfare; preventive direct action, including sabotage, anti-sabotage, demolition and evacuation measures; subversion against hostile states, including assistance to underground resistance groups, and support of indigenous anti-Communist elements in threatened countries of the free world". The plot against Arbenz therefore became part of Executive Action (a plan to remove unfriendly foreign leaders from power). You've averted a Soviet beachhead in our hemisphere." A door opened near me. Work out a new speech for Brad We went to the White House in the morning. Frank Wisner married Antonie Chalupsky, daughter of Frantisek Chalupsky and Katerine Chudly about 1881 and they . Let's run over your presentations." She moved to Lodi in 1934. Khrushchev's de-Stalinzation policy encouraged people living in Eastern Europe to believe that he was willing to give them more independence from the Soviet Union. Iranians took to the streets against Mohammed Mossadegh. President Dwight Eisenhower responded by claiming that Guatemala had a "communist dictatorship.. had established an outpost on this continent to the detriment of all the American nations". "He realized that his life would be circumscribed by increasing cycles of depression. Wisner managed to get a copy of the speech that Nikita Khrushchev made at the 20th Party Congress in February, 1956, where Khrushchev launched an attack on the rule of Joseph Stalin. View. It did not take him long to discover that some of them had been active in left-wing politics in the 1930s. Most men brought their wives to these gatherings. Wisner added that he felt personally betrayed by this behaviour. Franklived in month1918, at address, Illinois. In June 2013, Wisner joined the advisory board of Ergo, a global intelligence and advisory firm. To confront Soviet aggression, Wisner eventually organized a secret army in Europe. The CIA sent Wisner to the Sheppard-Pratt Institute, a psychiatric hospital near Baltimore. With so many talented officers working in covert action, and with most of the foreigners involved being friendly collaborators and not "recruited" assets, the do could scarcely base promotions on the number of recruitments a case officer made each year. However, Barnes convinced him that it was vital important that the Soviets did not establish a "beachhead in Central America". Faked photographs were distributed that claimed to show the mutilated bodies of opponents of Arbenz. Finally Brad (Colonel Albert Haney) rehearsed his speech. The CIA was also busy bribing Arbenz's military commanders. The OPC had a staff of 10, so this wasnt likely to happen. During this period Wisner worked closely with Kim Philby, the British Secret Intelligence Service (SIS) liaison in Washington. Frank Gardiner Wisner (1909 - 1965) - Genealogy - Geni Family Tree Later, John Loftus, a prosecutor with the Office of Special Investigations at the U.S. Justice Department, accused Wisner of methodically recruiting Nazi war criminals. The Defense Mobilization Support Planning Activity? In the 1950s and early 1960s the CIA's top leaders - men like Allen Dulles, Frank Wisner, Richard Bissell, Tracy Barnes, and Desmond Fitzgerald - were profoundly devoted to covert action. In this position, he was instrumental in supporting pro-American forces that toppled Mohammed Mossadegh in Iran in 1953[citation needed] and Jacobo Arbenz Guzmn in Guatemala in 1954. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. After Cairo (from June 15, 1944) he spent three months in OSS Istanbul, Turkey, as head of SI (Secret Intelligence) branch. Wisner told Clare Boothe Luce, the American ambassador in Italy: "All these people are getting killed and we weren't doing anything, we were ignoring it. We drank iced tea as we sat around a garden table in Dulles' back yard. Record information. "[15], During the early 1950s, Wisner was the subject of FBI inquiries in connection with his wartime work in Romania, including the claim that he had an affair with Tanda Caradja, daughter of Romanian princess Catherine Caradja during the war; Caradja was alleged in FBI reports to be a Soviet agent. Hoover, claimed that Caradja was a Soviet agent. Wisner's death saddened but did not shock his colleagues. Wisner expected the United States would help the Hungarians. "Incredible". According to Donald N. Wilber, who was involved in this CIA plot to remove Mossadegh from power, in early August, 1953, Iranian CIA operatives, pretending to be socialists, threatened Muslim leaders with "savage punishment if they opposed Mossadegh," thereby giving the impression that Mossadegh was cracking down on dissent. Frank Wisner killed himself with one of his son's shotguns on 29th October, 1965. This resulted in the religious community turning against Mossadegh. Such vague accusations as that "more than ten people have died mysteriously" can always be explained in some natural way e.g. His first task was to oversee the return of some 1,350 American airmen who had been shot down in missions against Romanian oilfields. His work involved planning a coup in Guyana, a country that had a left-wing government. 2022 FOX News Network, LLC. [20], In 1961, Wisner was ordered to organize CIA activities in British Guiana. According to Deborah Davis (Katharine the Great): "By the early 1950s, Wisner 'owned' respected members of the New York Times, Newsweek, CBS and other communications vehicles.". It had also given America resources and experience (concentrated in private hands) with the world outside the Americas, used effectively by the OSS during World War II American government, however, had stayed in America, lending its influence to business but never trying to overthrow other governments for commercial purposes. Wisner became head of this new organization and Richard Helms became his chief of operations. Alsop was happy to comply, though he doubted his columns would have much impact on the Huks. Frank Morey Wisner (1902-1906) - Find a Grave Memorial [10], Wisner died by suicide on October 29, 1965.[22]. The nature of Arbenz's government, however, meant that Operation Success launched both the CIA and the United States on a new path. He said that the country needed "an agrarian reform which puts an end to the latifundios and the semi-feudal practices, giving the land to thousands of peasants, raising their purchasing power and creating a great internal market favorable to the development of domestic industry.". It had also given America resources and experience (concentrated in private hands) with the world outside the Americas, used effectively by the OSS during World War II American government, however, had stayed in America, lending its influence to business but never trying to overthrow other governments for commercial purposes. It was a warm summer night. Frank Wisner - Ancestry.com After graduating Wisner worked as a Wall Street lawyer. Wisner found one of his boys' shotguns and killed himself on October 29, 1965. Eisenhower spoke to his Chief of Naval Operations "Watch that sub. Frank Gardner Wisner was born in Laurel, Mississippi, in 1910. Their published recommendations included: the establishment of law and order through the retraining of the Iraqi army, focusing on the distribution of humanitarian assistance and reestablishment of vital services, and the importance of avoiding the appointment of exiled Iraqi opposition leaders to dominant positions in the new government. It was an exhausting, stressful, and almost impossible job. Allen W. Dulles therefore sent him to London to be CIA chief of station in England. Wisner's suicide was "entirely rational, if you can say such a thing," said his niece Jean Lindsey. This was the elite which ran American foreign policy and shaped legislation at home. Afterward, he obviously wasnt equipped to go back to the Directorate of Plans, so he was made the station chief in London. Even with my curious nature, I myself was unaware, except in the vaguest terms, what political action projects were going forward and how (Frank Wisner was spending Marshall Plan counterpart funds.) All rights reserved. As soon as the war ended Truman ordered the OSS to be closed down leaving a small intelligence organization, the Strategic Services Unit (SSU) in the War Department. Wisner was too ill to return to his post as head of the DDP. In 19451946, he returned to law practice at Carter, Ledyard & Milburn. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. He served as third secretary at the U.S. Embassy in Algiers, Algeria. The company wanted $16 million for the land. Four months later he agreed to retire from the CIA. Henry Cabot Lodge tried to block the Security Council from discussing a resolution to send an investigation team to Guatemala. Wisner was also deeply involved in establishing the Lockheed U-2 spy plane program run by Richard M. Bissell Jr.[1], Wisner suffered a serious breakdown in September 1958. [11] He went on to become a member of the board for EOG Resources. Frank G. Wisner Jr. grew up in the long shadow of his secret agent father. On January 31, 2011, he was sent to Egypt by President Barack Obama to negotiate a resolution to the popular protests against the regime that had swept the country. Carmel Offie - Wikipedia He was Richard Nixon, the Vice President. ", Later that year Wisner established Operation Mockingbird, a program to influence the American media. A large number of these prisoners were tortured or killed. Quotes displayed in real-time or delayed by at least 15 minutes. Samuel Zemurray, United Fruit Company's largest shareholder, with the help of Tommy Corcoran, organized an anti-Arbenz campaign in the American media. Brad finished and the lights went up. [11] On September 1, 1948, the office was formally established, although it was renamed to the Office of Policy Coordination (OPC) for obfuscation purposes. Later he became an informal adviser to the royal family. Allen W. Dulles therefore sent him to London to be CIA chief of station in England. His lineage is impeccable, since his father, Frank Wisner Sr., was a senior CIA official (from 1947 until his suicide in 1965) who was involved in the overthrow of Arbenz of Guatemala (1954) and Mossadeq of Iran (1953). In March 1945, Wisner was transferred to Wiesbaden, Germany. He is the son of CIA official Frank Wisner (1909-1965). He orchestrated a massive spy ring, many of whose members were tasked with parachuting into Soviet territory and gathering intelligence. This included George Kennan, Dean Acheson, Richard Bissell, Desmond FitzGerald, Joseph Alsop, Stewart Alsop, Tracy Barnes, Thomas Braden, Philip Graham, David Bruce, Clark Clifford, Walt Rostow, Eugene Rostow, Chip Bohlen, Cord Meyer, James Angleton, William Averill Harriman, John McCloy, Felix Frankfurter, John Sherman Cooper, James Reston, Allen W. Dulles and Paul Nitze. The CIA began providing financial and logistic support for Colonel Carlos Castillo. In 2012 he succeeded Paul A. Volcker as chairman of the board of trustees of International House, a cultural-exchange residence and program center in New York City. He worked in the Navy's censor's office before managing to get a transfer to the Office of Strategic Services (OSS). Wisner's friends believed the illness was triggered by the failure of the Hungarian Uprising. In early 2011, the Obama administration asked Wisner to carry views to Egyptian leader Hosni Mubarak, including advice that Mubarak should resign to defuse the crisis. The OPCs mission was to take on the Soviet Union, and right from the start, the Pentagongearing up for World War IIIwanted everything from insurgencies in Western Europe to sabotaging the entire Soviet air force, and it wanted them now. Eisenhower shook his head, perhaps thinking of the thousands who had died in France. What was not said, but what was already clear after the events in East Germany the previous year, was that the exercise of American power, even clandestinely through the CIA, would not be undertaken where Soviet power was already established. On October 28, before he drove out to his farm on the Eastern Shore of Maryland, she called the caretaker and asked him to remove the guns from the house. The President's final handshake was with Alien Dulles. The CIA also provided them with classified information to help them with their work. We drank iced tea as we sat around a garden table in Dulles' back yard. Frank Wisner - Historical records and family trees - MyHeritage Frank Wisner - SourceWatch Instead, President Obama turned to Frank Wisner, Jr., who has had a 36-year career in the State Department. Members of what was later called the Georgetown Ladies' Social Club included Katharine Graham, Mary Pinchot Meyer, Sally Reston, Polly Wisner, Joan Braden, Lorraine Cooper, Evangeline Bruce, Avis Bohlen, Janet Barnes, Tish Alsop, Cynthia Helms, Marietta FitzGerald, Phyllis Nitze and Annie Bissell. Members of what was later called the Georgetown Ladies' Social Club included Katharine Graham, Mary Pinchot Meyer, Sally Reston, Polly Wisner, Joan Braden, Lorraine Cooper, Evangeline Bruce, Avis Bohlen, Janet Barnes, Tish Alsop, Cynthia Helms, Marietta FitzGerald, Phyllis Nitze and Annie Bissell. As previously described at Mental Floss, one of their more brilliant, but alas, never executed, operations involved airdropping enormous condoms labeled medium behind the Iron Curtain, as a way of demonstrating the anatomical superiority of the American fighting man.). Wisner grew very fond of Philby and was unaware that he was a Soviet spy betraying all his operations to his masters in Moscow. The removal of Jacobo Arbenz resulted in several decades of repression. All rights reserved. Wisner expected the United States would help the Hungarians. Eisenhower's first question was to Hector (Rip Robertson): "How many men did Castillo Armas lose?" Accepting that further resistance would only bring more deaths he announced his resignation over the radio. During the war William Donovan as head of the OSS, had built up a team of 16,000 agents working behind enemy lines. Faked photographs were distributed that claimed to show the mutilated bodies of opponents of Arbenz. Eisenhower turned to his Chief of the Joint Chiefs. This resulted in the religious community turning against Mossadegh. 1930s. Eisenhower shook hands all around. The plot against Arbenz therefore became part of Executive Action (a plan to remove unfriendly foreign leaders from power). The agents whom he and Burke infiltrated into Romania, Poland, the Baltic states and East Germany all disappeared; most were probably killed. The CIA sent Wisner to the Sheppard-Pratt Institute, a psychiatric hospital near Baltimore. He is a member of the Metropolitan Club of Washington DC. Today, Wisner serves as an international affairs advisor for global legal powerhouse Squire Patton . . Frank Wisner, the father of American covert operations, was both. I suspect that had we known more (it would have just made us more appreciative.) "He realized that his life would be circumscribed by increasing cycles of depression. Later, John Loftus, a prosecutor with the Office of Special Investigations at the U.S. Justice Department, accused Wisner of methodically recruiting Nazi war criminals. By this time Operation Mockingbird had a major influence over 25 newspapers and wire agencies. [2] An event carried out Events Participated in References Tim Weiner, Legacy of Ashes: The History of the CIA, Penguin, 2007, pp.36-38. They also produced three films on Guatemala for showing free in cinemas. Frank Wisner - Wikipedia When Truman signed the CIA into existence, the new agency found a similar reception. Wisner reportedly suffered a mental breakdown after the Soviet Union quashed the Hungarian revolution in 1956, and in 1965 he committed suicide. Admiral. For months, waves of airborne spies in mission after mission landed, and each was killed straightaway. As a result Philby was forced to leave the United States. Later that year Wisner established Operation Mockingbird, a program to influence the American media. He was so depressed that his wife, Polly, worried that he would try to commit suicide. Graham himself recruited others who had worked for military intelligence during the war. He became Assistant Director of the Office of Policy Coordination. He lived in Romania with a beautiful Russian spy. "Thanks Allen, and thanks to all of you. He condemned the Great Purge and accused Stalin of abusing his power. Almost 30 years after the fall of communism in. ", He didnt take it well. Dulles decided that Richard Bissell rather than Richard Helms should become the new head of the DPP. David Atlee Phillips was appointed to run the propaganda campaign against Arbenz's government. "Great," he said to Brad, "that was a good briefing." However, he got bored and enlisted in the United States Navy six months before Pearl Harbor. While in Bucharest he became friendly with King Michael of Romania. CIA's Voice of Liberation also put out similar radio broadcasts. He was assigned as a vice consul at the American Consulate General in Tangier, Morocco. Wisner began having trouble with J. Edgar Hoover. "Instead of a dirge, it was exuberant, powerful, exultant," recalled Tom Braden. According to Phillips he initially questioned the right of the CIA to interfere in Guatemala: In his autobiography Phillips claims he said to Barnes: "But Arbenz became President in a free election. While the Guatemalan government valued $2.99 per acre, the American government valued it at $75 per acre. A close friend, Avis Bohlen said he "was so depressed about how the world was going he felt we were losing the Cold War.". But Frank was a little excessive, even for me.". He became Assistant Director of the Office of Policy Coordination. George Cristian Maior, former head of Romanian intelligence and current Ambassador to the United States, has written a . On October 28, before he drove out to his farm on the Eastern Shore of Maryland, she called the caretaker and asked him to remove the guns from the house. As Thomas Polgar later pointed out: "Sure, we never said rise up and revolt, but there was a lot of propaganda that led the Hungarians to believe that we would help. In fact, according to several of his friends, on social occasions he became very aggressive when discussing politics. In the cases of Frank Wisner and Philip Graham, it played a role in their suicides. Mossadegh also abolished Iran's feudal agriculture sector and replaced with a system of collective farming and government land ownership. He talked about his children. What right do we have to help someone topple his government and throw him out of office?" With the help of George Kennan, the Office of Special Projects was created in 1948. The CIA was feeling particularly embattled that October. How the Cold War Made Georgetown Hot | The New Yorker The Defense Department preferred to save its dirty tricks for times of war. : the individuals concerned have for . Kermit Roosevelt, the grandson of Theodore Roosevelt, was put in charge of what became known as Operation Ajax. After graduating Wisner worked as a Wall Street lawyer. He persuaded President Harry S. Truman that the OSS in peacetime would be an "American Gestapo". All results for Frank Wisner. Wisner worked well with Zambian president Kenneth Kaunda and helped to rebuild bilateral relations between Zambia and the USA after a 1980 spy scandal at the U.S. embassy in Lusaka. Edit your search or learn more. Through think-tanks to foundations, directorates to membership of gentlemen's clubs, these mandarins were interlocked by their institutional affiliations and by a shared belief in their own superiority.". Khrushchev became increasingly concerned about these developments and on 4th November 1956 he sent the Red Army into Hungary. Unlike most members of the Georgetown Crowd, Meyer now abandoned his liberal views. He gained support for this from James Forrestal, the Defense Secretary. The most active element of this special staff came from the CIA's clandestine Air Division which at that time was under the control of Dick Helms. After retiring from government service in 1997, Wisner joined the board at a subsidiary of Enron, the former energy company and served on the board of American International Group (AIG). According to Deborah Davis, Meyer became Mockingbird's "principal operative". Death Frank Wisner reportedly committed suicide with one of his son's shotguns on October 29, 1965.