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Ans : Ripening is characterised by an increase in the breakdown of starch within the fruit, as well as an increase in the number of simple sugars that are sweet in taste such as sucrose, glucose, and fructose as a result of this breakdown. What Does The Fig Tree Represent In John 1? The coconut fruit is an important economic commodity for many countries around the world. Production is based in Southern Asia, Central and South America, Oceania and southern Africa; Asia accounts for 84 percent. Inflorescence : Large, lateral arising from the axils of leaves, compound spadix, enclosed by large woody bract called spathe. Halved, drained coconuts can also be hung up as bird feeders, and after the flesh has gone, can be filled with fat in winter to attract tits. Macapuno is a coconut variety with a jelly-like coconut meat. Coconut meat can also be cut into larger pieces or strips, dried, and salted to make "coconut chips" or "coco chips". "The potential of the Coconut Industry is huge and benefits are available for parties from all sectors. Coconut cultivation spans about 402 649 ha which accounts for 21 per cent of agricultural lands in the country. Medium chain fats have also been known to help in weight loss and reduce waist circumference. [33], The name coconut is derived from the 16th-century Portuguese word coco, meaning 'head' or 'skull' after the three indentations on the coconut shell that resemble facial features. Coconut copra, used to make coconut oil, is prepared at the coconut farms, using very simple techniques and taken to large scale oil mills through a complex and speculative marketing system. The export of spices generates foreign exchange earnings of Rs. The terminology is derived from the Tagalog language. and Koop Wind (Eds.). Coconut oil is also considered good for hair. [79][80][81], To avoid this, coconuts workers in the Philippines and Guam traditionally use bolos tied with a rope to the waist to cut grooves at regular intervals on the coconut trunks. Perianth Tepals 6 arranged in two whorls of three each, persistent, and polyphyllous showing imbricate aestivation in both the whorls. [27][28] Endt & Hayward (1997) have noted their resemblance to members of the South American genus Parajubaea, rather than Cocos, and propose a South American origin. Copyright 2023 Cocoanesia. Dried coconut leaves can be burned to ash, which can be harvested for lime. All the parts-of the Wonder palm are useful to making in one way or other. In the 18th century, Belize exported dried coconuts to Britain to produce food . In the Hainuwele myth from Maluku, a girl emerges from the blossom of a coconut tree. [146] The sap when fermented can also be made into coconut vinegar or various palm wines (which can be further distilled to make arrack). The earliest Cocos-like fossil to be found was "Cocos"zeylanica, a fossil species described from small fruits, around 3.5cm (1+12in) 1.3 to 2.5cm (12 to 1in) in size, recovered from the Miocene (~23 to 5.3 million years ago) of New Zealand in 1926. Economic importance of coconut pdf. The husks can be used as flotation devices. Apart from its economic importance, the environmental and . If the juice does not taste fresh, throw the coconut away. As of 2006, the U.S. annually imported 190 million pounds of coconut oil, whose worldwide trade reached $20 million. The importance of coconut palmoil subsequently decreased due to competition from other vegetable oils, particularly palm oil from Elaeis guineensis. Half coconut shells are used in theatre Foley sound effects work, struck together to create the sound effect of a horse's hoofbeats. Coconut plays a significant role in the agrarian economy of India. [1] The coconut is a versatile and valuable crop, with a range of uses that contribute to both local and global economies. The coconut oil is in great demand for edible purposes, for soap making toilet preparation. [136][137] In the Philippines, sweetened reduced coconut milk is marketed as coconut syrup and is used for various desserts. Mature coconuts, ovoid or ellipsoid in shape, 300450 mm (1218 inches) in length and 150200 mm (68 inches) in diameter, have a thick fibrous husk surrounding the familiar single-seeded nut of commerce. Based on these separate introductions, coconut populations can still be divided into Pacific coconuts and Indo-Atlantic coconuts, respectively. Salunkhe, D.K., J.K. Chavan, R.N. [44], Coconuts have a nearly cosmopolitan distribution due to human cultivation and dispersal. Oilseeds, overall. The fresh husk of a brown coconut may serve as a dish sponge or body sponge. The cups were frequently engraved and decorated with precious metals.[155]. A hard shell encloses the insignificant embryo with its abundant endosperm, composed of both meat and liquid. It was first developed for commercial cultivation in the Philippines and is used widely in Philippine cuisine for desserts, drinks, and pastries. It is sweet and high in nutritional value. Especially immature coconuts (6 to 8 months from flowering) sold for coconut water and softer jelly-like coconut meat (known as "green coconuts", "young coconuts", or "water coconuts"), where the original coloration of the fruit is more aesthetically pleasing. Several countries economies are based on the coconut palm. Apical buds of adult plants are edible, and are known as "palm cabbage" or heart of palm. These varieties were selected for slower growth, sweeter coconut water, and often brightly-colored fruits. Wiki User. Perera, Champa K. Bandaranayake and Hugh C. Harries. [10], True-to-type dwarf varieties of Pacific coconuts have been cultivated by the Austronesian peoples since ancient times. Its development would . A single coconut palm may yield 100 coconuts annually, and each fruit requires a year to fully ripen. Numerous other dwarf cultivars also developed as the initial dwarf cultivar was introduced to other regions and hybridized with various tall cultivars. Miami is the only city outside of Greenwich, Connecticut, where the organization hosts an event. Improves hair health: Eating or applying coconut oil in your hair stimulates hair growth, prevents hair breakage and split ends. [70], Given that coconuts are ideally suited for inter-island group ocean dispersal, obviously some natural distribution did take place. Only a few of the roots penetrate deep into the soil for stability. [131][86], Coconut milk powder, a protein-rich powder can be processed from coconut milk following centrifugation, separation, and spray drying. Economic Role Coconut palms yield roughly 20 percent of the market's oils and fats, Just Change Trust estimates. One recently selected cultivar, the 'Maypan', has been bred for resistance to this disease. Coconut oil and milk are ingredients in cooking, frying, soaps and cosmetics, and foods like margarine and popcorn. Coconut buttons are often used for Hawaiian aloha shirts. Coconut is the environment friendly small-holder palm of the tropical environment, Covering 12.28 million hectares in 90 countries with an annual production of 64.3 billion nuts, Coconut provides USD$ 7.73 Billion per annum to global coconut small holders. Saturated fat is associated with hypercholesterolemia high cholesterol , atherosclerosis hardening of the arteries , and heart disease. Coconut assumes considerable significance in the national economy of coconut-growing countries in view of rural employment and income generation. Its fruits are similar to the coconut, but smaller. [144], Coconut sap, usually extracted from cut inflorescence stalks is sweet when fresh and can be drunk as is such as in tuba fresca of Mexico (derived from the Philippine tub). [4], Coconuts can also be broadly divided into two general types based on habit: the "Tall" (var. Mature Malakatad coconut meat has a tough texture and thus are processed before consumption or made into copra. Saturated fats can easily filter and re-circulate molecules to facilitate absorption by liver. Some dried coconut is purely coconut, but others are manufactured with other ingredients, such as sugar, propylene glycol, salt, and sodium metabisulfite. [57] If they were naturally distributed and had been in the Pacific for a thousand years or so, then we would expect the eastern shore of Australia, with its own islands sheltered by the Great Barrier Reef, to have been thick with coconut palms: the currents were directly into, and down along this coast. A long handle made from some other wood may be inserted into the base of the bundle and used as a two-handed broom. It provides the hair with natural shine and softness. Its meat is sweetened, cut into strands, and sold in glass jars as coconut strings, sometimes labeled as "coconut sport". The leaves also provide material for baskets that can draw well water and for roofing thatch; they can be woven into mats, cooking skewers, and kindling arrows as well. In addition to its use as a food, the coconut is also a source of oil, which is used in cooking and in the production of a range of products, including soaps, cosmetics, and candles. [178] In Maldivian folklore, one of the main myths of origin reflects the dependence of the Maldivians on the coconut tree. Hindus often initiate the beginning of any new activity by breaking a coconut to ensure the blessings of the gods and successful completion of the activity. It is most strikingly displayed in Madagascar, an island settled by Austronesian sailors at around 2000 to 1500 BP. Aids in hydration. Hair loss is the most common cause of hair loss in men and women, and it is the most common cause of hair loss in women. Some of the intercrops identified include cassava, bananas, blackpepper and ginger. Rajamohan T. Clinical Biochemistry. Sri Lanka is the world's fourth-largest producer of coconuts and is the second-largest producer of coconut oil and copra, accounting for 15% of the global production. It is grown in tropical and subtropical regions, with the majority of global production occurring in Asia, followed by the Pacific and the Americas. [113], Cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) is a surfactant manufactured from coconut oil that is increasingly used as an ingredient in personal hygiene products and cosmetics, such as shampoos, liquid soaps, cleansers and antiseptics, among others. The 2014 coral atoll origin hypothesis proposed that the coconut had dispersed in an island hopping fashion using the small, sometimes transient, coral atolls. [166][167][168] Amphioctopus marginatus is the first invertebrate known to be able to use tools.[167][169]. Why is coconut called the Tree of Life? Coconut flesh is either eaten raw or dried to form copra, the meat of the seed and the source for coconut oil. The immature seeds are infested and desapped by larvae staying in the portion covered by the perianth of the immature seed; the seeds then drop off or survive deformed. In 2020, world production of coconuts was 62 million tonnes, led by Indonesia, India, and the Philippines, with 75% combined of the total (table). [27][29][30] Conran et al. Beneficial Effects of Virgin Coconut Oil on Lipid Parameters and in Vitro LDL Oxidation. In particular, the area around Salalah maintains large coconut plantations similar to those found across the Arabian Sea in Kerala. Several countries' economies are based on the coconut palm. But this is uncommon. In the Malay language, it is pokok seribu guna ("the tree of a thousand uses"). The Philippine Coconut Industry: Status, Policies and Strategic Apart from the importance of copra and coconut oil which is widely used in the manufacture of soaps, hair oil, cosmetics and other value-added & industrial products, its husk is a source offibrewhich supports a sizable coir industry. In Johann Vollmann and Istvan Rajcan (Eds.). In the Ilocos region of the northern Philippines, the Ilocano people fill two halved coconut shells with diket (cooked sweet rice), and place liningta nga itlog (halved boiled egg) on top of it. However, they can be found in humid areas with low annual precipitation such as in Karachi, Pakistan, which receives only about 250mm (9+34in) of rainfall per year, but is consistently warm and humid. It is a tree that is cultivated for its multiple utilities, mainly for its nutritional and medicinal values. They can be sorted mainly into tall cultivars, dwarf cultivars, and hybrid cultivars (hybrids between talls and dwarfs). The distribution of the Pacific coconuts correspond to the regions settled by Austronesian voyagers indicating that its spread was largely the result of human introductions. What are the physical characteristics of a coconut? Coconut palms yield roughly 20 percent of the market's oils and fats, Just Change Trust estimates. Composition and Uses: The following products of coconut are useful to human being. [3][4] It has also acquired religious significance in South Asian cultures, where it is used in Hindu rituals. [citation needed] They are also used in Hindu weddings as a symbol of prosperity. ~It also helps to make skin softer and more supple. Predominantly, the Philippines, Indonesia, India, . [78], A more controversial method employed by a small number of coconut farmers in Thailand and Malaysia use trained pig-tailed macaques to harvest coconuts. [173] In the foothills of the temple town of Palani, before going to worship Murugan for the Ganesha, coconuts are broken at a place marked for the purpose. Additionally, a genetically distinct subpopulation of coconut on the Pacific coast of Latin America has undergone a genetic bottleneck resulting from a founder effect; however, its ancestral population is the Pacific coconut from the Philippines. [82][78][83] Other manual methods to make climbing easier include using a system of pulleys and ropes; using pieces of vine, rope, or cloth tied to both hands or feet; using spikes attached to the feet or legs; or attaching coconut husks to the trunk with ropes. As per 201415 statistics from Coconut Development Board of Government of India, four southern states combined account for almost 90% of the total production in the country: Tamil Nadu (33.8%), Karnataka (25.2%), Kerala (24.0%), and Andhra Pradesh (7.2%). Why Is Coconut Abundant In The Philippines? - Sweetish Hill The reasons why coconut are cultivated only in Yemen's Al Mahrah and Hadramaut governorates and in the Sultanate of Oman, but not in other suitable areas in the Arabian Peninsula, may originate from the fact that Oman and Hadramaut had long dhow trade relations with Burma, Malaysia, Indonesia, East Africa, and Zanzibar, as well as southern India and China. A 100-gram (3+12-ounce) reference serving of raw coconut flesh supplies 1,480 kilojoules (354 kilocalories) of food energy and a high amount of total fat (33 grams), especially saturated fat (89% of total fat), along with a moderate quantity of carbohydrates (15g), and protein (3g). It forms the basis of wedding and worship rituals in Hinduism. Use aloe vera to keep skin strong and healthy. In India, the woven coconut leaves are used to build wedding marquees, especially in the states of Kerala, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu. What are the health benefits of coconut water? [108] The artificial landscaping may have been the cause for lethal yellowing, a viral coconut palm disease that leads to the death of the tree. Her articles have appeared in "Newton Magazine" and she has contributed to myriad popular books, including "Masters of Deception" and "Click: The Ultimate Photography Guide for Generation Now." [49][11][65][64], Another ancestral variety is the niu leka of Polynesia (sometimes called the "Compact Dwarfs"). These have much lower fat content and are suitable as milk substitutes. Two of the pores are plugged (the "eyes"), while one is functional. Coconut Oil May Help Treat Acne Because coconut oil and its components may help reduce inflammation in the body, it may also aid in the treatment of acne. [21][22], Whole mature coconuts (11 to 13 months from flowering) sold for export, however, typically have the husk removed to reduce weight and volume for transport. Male flower Bracteate, ebracteolate, sessile, staminate, incomplete, trimerous, actinomorphic and pistillodes are present. [107] The annual rainy season known locally as khareef or monsoon makes coconut cultivation easy on the Arabian east coast. Several countries' economies are based on the coconut palm. In the Philippines, the coconut is commonly called the "tree of life". The dry husk yields coir, a fibre highly resistant to salt water and used in the manufacture of ropes, mats, baskets, brushes, and brooms. Coconut requires low to no inputs within an existing land use area unchanged in 100 years. In many parts of the world, the cultivation and sale of coconuts is a major source of income, especially for those living in rural areas. A study in 2008 showed that the coconuts in the Americas are genetically closest related to coconuts in the Philippines, and not to any other nearby coconut populations (including Polynesia). Copra is the dried meat of the seed and after processing produces coconut oil and coconut meal. The day is recognized as the beginning of the joyful, colourful Holi celebrations and is seen as a symbolic triumph of good over evil. In Kerala, coconut trunks are used for house construction. Choti Holi 2023: When is Choti Holi 2023? Here's all you need to know Do you know 80 million poor people depend directly on coconut for their livelihood in 90 countries? They eventually form the edible solid endosperm (the "coconut meat" or "coconut flesh") which hardens over time. Coconut - Wikipedia World Coconut Economy: Sectoral Issues, Markets and Trade Coconut palms yield roughly 20 percent of the market's oils and fats, Just Change Trust estimates. Wild coconuts are naturally restricted to coastal areas in sandy, saline soils. Why Are There No Coconuts In North India? [26][27] In Colombia, a single Cocos-like fruit was recovered from the middle to late Paleocene Cerrejn Formation. The green of the leaves (lamina) is stripped away, leaving the veins (long, thin, woodlike strips) which are tied together to form a broom or brush. It also had ceremonial importance in pre-colonial animistic religions. [112] Proteins from coconut may cause food allergy, including anaphylaxis. Every part of the palm is usable for human needs -- food, shelter and fiber. The Coconut Palm (Cocos Nucifera L.) is referred as The Tree of Life due to its incredible value to man and the incredible number of products and by-products that can be created from it.