A Debtera is a general term given to all those who have completed one of the higher schools of the church. It has been expounded by the fathers of the Church both in the . BEALTI XELOT ( ) : https://youtu.be/yyz8lAfwMFY6. . [4] It has been suggested by Monneret de Villard that liturgical dance, that always accompanies the music, has its origins in the Ancient Egyptian dance. [10], Ethiopian Orthodox Christians form approximately 43.5% of the population of modern day Ethiopia. 3. This page was last edited on 29 November 2022, at 02:51. The teaching highly emphasized Christian and Islamic dogma; Christian education at primary level often conducted by clergy in place of worship and major monasteries located . = , 15. [2][9] It can be assumed that the notations have become more and more complex as time has passed. = [ ], 8. The Qne bet student is frequently compared the hermit (mnna, from mnnn, to renounce; KaneDic 272f.) Ethiopian liturgical chant, or Zema, is a form of Christian liturgical chant practiced by the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. (Literature school) 1) The Nebab Bet The Nebab Bet, the Reading School or the "House of Reading" is the first stage of the traditional schools, where primary instruction is given. 37 - , 1 - - ( 1 - 7 ) , 2 - , 6 - , 8 - - ( 8 - 11 ) , 9 - , 1 - .. , 2 - , 3 - , 4 - , 5 - , 6 - , 7 - , 8 - ' , 9 - , 10 - ' , 11 - , 12 - , 13 - , 14 - , 15 - , 16 - , 17 - , 18 - . ( ) . In urban centres and roadside towns the Nebab bet has a new function today. Qedasse Bet The training of the altar priest Senne 04 (June 11) | The Ethiopian Synaxarium, Senne 03 (June 10) | The Ethiopian Synaxarium, Senne 02 (June 09) | The Ethiopian Synaxarium, Senne 01 (June 08) | The Ethiopian Synaxarium, Ginbot 30 (June 07) | The Ethiopian Synaxarium. . .. = , 20. The main reason for wandering in search of schools and teachers is that in rural areas any higher education is not possible for a youth who remains with his parents, except in a few cases of Debtera families. One of the group reads a sentence or a phrase. = , 16. = , 8 - () = - - . Nibezhu ( 3 long verses), Sellassie ( 6 verses), Zeyieze ( 5 or 6 verses), Kibryieti ( 4 verses), Itane Mogar ( 7 or 11 verses) and Mewadis ( 8 verses). ], 1. Ethiopian liturgical chant, or Zema, is a form of Christian liturgical chant practiced by the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. Students at Yared School of Music, Addis Ababa University, playing Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Yaredawi Song . With the spread of modern education and a modern school system this institution is declining. / eathebook ! There are also other Qene types which are however not as widespread as the Samenna Worq. 13 - ( ) = . The following texts are known to have been used in different areas: Gabata Hawaria, i.e. = , 4. . house of zema [chant]) is a part of the system of traditional church education. = , 10. Addis Ababa December 1970. These are most widespread but there are other forms, e.g. (2), - = , 8 - = , 2 - = , 9 - = , 12 - = , 7 - = [ ]. The child uses four methods to practice reading this text known as Fidel Hawaria or the first Epistle of St. john, first he pronounces every letter of the word pointing at each letter with a straw (Qutir-method). The expressions are vividly illustrated with parables, analogies, proverbs, and popular wisdom. Zema bet ( , lit. . The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church has crucial role to disseminate traditional ancient educational system of Ethiopia to read Old and New Testaments in Ge'ez since Axumite period in 330 AD. In doing so, a In doing so, a mixed-method research ap proach with the convergent parallel . Each group sings from a single text, or one of the groups sings and the rest observe him. = , 24 - .= , 25 - . " " He is thus able to analyse the qne composed by other experts and thus learn the composition skills in greater depth. [ ], 7 - = - ., 8 - = , 3 - = - ., 5 - ( ) = ( ), 6 - () = ( ), 19. () = , 3. 2003-Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church -, 11 - , 6 - , 9 - ( ), 10 - ( ), 12 - , 13 - , 34 - , 35 - , 17 - , 19 . . The main interest and purpose of the school is, however, not to develop poetic and other aesthetic interests in the child or youth, but to enable him to carry out the Church rituals. ], 7. The teacher first translates the sentence into Amharic and then comments on it. To be able to carry out this further service one has to attend a higher school of the church, which should be considered an extension of the Nebab and Qedasse Bet. After repeating the entire book of Psalms several times using Wurdnebab, he continues reading for months, even over a year, using the Qum-Nebab reading method. Today the standardized table Aa, Bu, Gi, Da is much used, however, so that the pupil may learn even this by heart and only comes to distinguish the individual characters well after much practice. . = , 3. About nine models are famous in the Samenna Worq (wax and gold) Qene system. DEBESEY() : https://youtu.be/1MXnDADblAs5. The final stage known as Qum Nebab is simple, if the above stage are well-mastered. The majority of the Debtera are laymen, and as such they are not allowed to serve in the mass and the administration of sacraments. The school has a reputation for having its students promoted. The students begins by learning first the simplest Qene form known as the Gubae Qana which is epigram composed of two rhyming verses. After leaving the teacher each group moves apart and tries to comment on the text just as the teacher did, as much as possible word for word. () = , 31. The church school system, which is one of the oldest in Christendom, originated in the Aksumite Kingdom with the introduction of Christianity about the 4th century. The child, who is led by his teacher or a monitor, touches with a straw each letter from left to right of the table and names the letter in a loud voice. The wandering student expects a high position in the church hierarchy. [ . To demonstrate this we should describe the average study day at the Zema Bet. A Qedasse teacher normally teaches only the hymns which a deacon or a priest has to use in the liturgy of the Church. a) Zema Bet (Music school) Zema-Bet education in the three selected Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido churches found in Bahir Dar city. 6 . Its graduates become cantors of Ethiopian Orthodox (Twado) Church. = , 23 - . The tradition began after the sixth century and is traditionally identified with Saint Yared.Through history, the Ethiopian liturgical chants have undergone an evolution similar to that of European liturgical chants. The web value rate of . Its graduates become cantors of Ethiopian Orthodox (Twado) Church. The long monastic tradition dates beck to the fifth century and the significant role of monasticism in the diffusion of Christian learning during the mediaeval period has been described in an earlier chapter. . In these specialized branches the students learns the traditions of the Church, theology, Church history and laws, through the interpretation of the various individual writings. We have seen that the Qedasse bet trains mainly the altar priests, who are known as the semonegna (those who serve weekly). [ ], 9. ( ) = , 1.. = , 7. In turn, the knowledge of Qne bet is a precondition of the study of andmta in the mshaf bet. . ], 2. () = () ., 10 - () = , 11 - ( ) = ( ) - ., 12 - () = , 9. b) Quene Bet and (Poetry school) This is available for about ten cents in every market place in the country, so that the traditional parchment is disappearing. The teacher is usually engaged in some individual work such as reading, copying a manuscript, or even doing some handwork. The related musical notation is known as melekket. . ( .. ) ()= , 20. . Generally, the first epistle of St. John is used for the purpose. The Qene lessons usually start in the afternoon or in some places early in the evening. Usually a candidate for his training is attached to a priest or monk to whom he gives certain services, accompanying him on visits of families, festivals, and ceremonies in and outside the parish. The activities of the priest, therefore, are limited to the rituals, which do not usually demand the understanding of the Scriptures. (..). [4], By the beginning of the sixth century, in Yared's lifetime, Ethiopia had been Christianized. ( = ), 001. () = This faith, the churches believes, is derived from the apostolic heritage and borne witness to in the New Testament against the background of the Old Testament. = . All other texts are in Geez. = , 8 - ( ) = - ., 9 - ( ) = , 10 - = ( ) - ., 03. c) Metsehaf Bet which again have different subdivisions. Gradually the pupil masters the art of good reading. Written by Professor Sergew Hable Sellassie and Professor Tadesse Tamerat . = , 26. a) Fidel Instruction The prime function of the Nebab bet is to teach children to read religious books, practically all of which are in Geez. () - ., 10. = . As a next step to help him distinguish individual letters, he is led to pronounce each letter reading from right to left and then from top to bottom. 1 = . . As the main task of the session some Geez verbs are conjugated, and the proper usage of selected verbs and nouns is demonstrated by examples from different Qene verses composed by the teacher and advanced students on the spot. Moreover, having its own written language and literature it developed from very early days a tradition of ecclesiastical scholarship. The student has to learn each sentence of the commentary by heart. Traditionally writing is not taught, since this was not needed in everyday life, unlike reading which is necessary for daily prayers and participating in the church service. . These are the only members of the clergy who are allowed to celebrate the mass and administer sacraments. = [ ], 7. This is the general term for the School of Commentaries composed of four branches. With the expansion of the Kingdom and Christianity to the south and southwest, churches and monasteries were founded, which became for centuries important centers of learning. 2. = , 08. 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